对于一个健身爱好者来说,手臂多粗才会觉得满足 答案当然是越粗越好。但是随着臂围越来越粗,维护成本和付出的努力也会成倍增加。如果能够找到一个合适的定位,让自己看起来能够明显强于普通人,又不会引起周围朋友的不适,不失为健身爱好者理想的状态。
量臂围
讨论臂围(曲臂状态下),按照12%左右的体脂率来讨论会更有意义,毕竟脂肪臂不是大家的追求。在日常生活中,普通人的臂围在30cm左右,穿短袖时袖口会留有比较大的空间,穿衬衣也不用担心活动不便,这也是绝大多数瘦子的状态。如果换做是一个臂围40cm的人,那和一个普通人站在一起会有明显的不同。可以说只要是个人,都能看得出健身的痕迹。
臂围对比
从上图我们就能看出,在相近的体脂率下,臂围40cm的人要明显比普通的未健身的人强壮很多,而且身材看上去非常协调。这里可能有人会说,这不废话嘛,臂围50cm的人也明显比臂围40cm的人看起来更强壮。但是不要忘了,臂围50cm已经是专业健美的入门了,穿上衣服的话看起来会很臃肿,甚至给人一种笨重的感觉。反过来,臂围刚好达到40cm出头的话,不只是穿衣打扮,即使在日常的社交当中也会更得心应手。
肌肉撑满袖口
在一些场合中避免不了要穿衬衣,但是衬衣对健身人群来说真的不太友好,结果往往都是由于手臂或者肩背太发达,很多好看的款都穿不了,稍微动一下就有种会把衣服撑爆的感觉。如果你的臂围是40cm的话,那也不必担心衬衣只能定做的尴尬场面。对于常规的款式,穿上去还是很有型的,只不过在曲臂时会稍微有点紧,不适合做幅度太大的动作。另外,大家应该都清楚,如果手臂把短袖的袖口撑满,那样穿衣看起来会更有型。可惜的是,臂围40cm的人很难完美的做到这一点,只有在曲臂的状态下才能恰好撑满整个袖口。当然,这种穿衣的效果相信已经能够满足绝大多数人的审美要求了。
说句实在话,有时候健身的人真的很“贪心”,根本就不会满足。刚开始健身时,觉得稍微有点肌肉线条,腹肌能够露出来就够了。可坚持健身一段时间后,发现自己爱上了这种变得强壮的感觉,决得肌肉练得大些会更好。结果就变成了“恶性循环”,朝着专业健美的维度逐渐靠拢。但凡事过犹不及,肌肉练太大也会带来很多烦恼,有时候保持中庸之道未必是件坏事。
大肌霸
最后,你现在的臂围是多少 你觉得最理想的臂围又是多少呢
内容简介
有同学问 “race、contest、competition” 和 “match” 的区别。这四个词都可以指 “比赛”,也可以用于商业语境中表示 “竞争”。其中,名词 “race” 所指的 “比赛” 专比速度,“contest” 看的是能力,“competition” 指 “有组织的活动” 或 “竞争”,而 “两方对阵的比赛” 是 “match”。
Question老师, “race、contest、competition” 和 “match” 的区别是什么 什么时候用 谢谢!
这位同学想知道单词 “race、contest、competition” 和 “match” 的区别。这些词都和体育 “比赛” 有关,易被混淆。下面,我们就讲一讲这些词之间的不同,以及它们分别可以在哪些语境中使用。
首先,来看 “race”。“Race” 作名词时,用来谈论 “由选手争相最快完成比赛的竞赛”,比的是速度。“Race” 常用来谈论在既定路线上举行的比赛,动词也是 “race”,意思是 “竞争,抢先”。
ExamplesIn her first race, the racing car driver finished second.(在她的首场比赛中,这名赛车手位居第二。)
I’m going to watch a horse race at the weekend.(我周末去看赛马。)
Would you like to race to the top of the hill?(你想比一比谁先到山顶吗 )
“Race” 还有一个意思,指 “为了抢先取得成功而展开的竞争”,多用于谈论商业的语境中。
ExamplesThe tech company were in a race to get their new phone out first.(这家科技公司想抢先推出他们研发的新款手机。)
There was a race to see which website would publish the article first.(人们在看哪个网站会抢先发表这篇文章。)
接着来看 “contest”。“Contest” 作名词时,也指 “比赛”,比的是谁的能力最强或特点最出色,尤其是指给优胜者发奖品。
ExamplesThe talent contest was filled with exceptional artists this year.(今年的才艺大赛中人才辈出。)
The swimmer set a new world record. It was an amazing contest.(这名游泳运动员创下了新的世界纪录。这场比赛很精彩。)
下面,说一说名词 “competition”。一场 “competition(比赛)” 是一个 “有组织的活动,参与者试图超过别人,比别人更好,从而获胜”。
ExamplesSheila won the tennis competition after beating Deborah in the final.(希拉在决赛中击败黛博拉,在网球比赛中获胜。)
I’m going to enter this year’s Scrabble competition.(我要参加今年的拼字游戏比赛。)
名词 “competition” 还指 “与你竞争成为在某方面做得最好的人或企业”。比如,找工作时的 “竞争对手” 或争相成为销售额最高的 “竞争公司” 都是 “competition”。
ExamplesBob was very arrogant. When he saw the competition for the vacant role, he laughed.(鲍勃当时很傲慢。当他看到与他竞聘这个空缺职位的人时,竟然大笑起来。)
I think our rival company’s new product will provide some difficult competition this year.(我认为我们竞争对手推出的新产品今年将是我们面临激烈的竞争。)
最后,来看 “match”。“Match” 表示 “在特定体育项目中,由两人或两队相互竞争而决出胜负的单场比赛”。比如:“a wrestling match(一场摔跤赛)”、“a football match(一场足球赛)”。
ExamplesThe team I support were awful in the last match. I think we need some new players.(我支持的球队在上一场比赛中表现很糟糕。我觉得我们需要一些新球员。)
I saw the boxing match last night. It was really exciting.(我昨晚看了拳击比赛。真的很精彩!)
单词 “match” 还指 “事物双方实力相当或属性相符”,既可以用作名词,也可以用作动词。
ExamplesThe fingerprints were a match for the ones found on the passport database.(这些指纹与护照数据库中的指纹相符。)
The two teams matched each other in stamina.(两支队伍在耐力上不相上下。)
归纳一下:“race” 作名词时指 “竞赛” 或 “为了抢先完成某事或取得成功而展开的竞争”,比的是速度。“Race” 的动词也是 “race”,意思是 “抢先”。
名词 “contest” 指 “看谁在某一方面的能力或特点最优秀的比赛”。
名词 “competition” 泛指 “有组织的活动,由参与者试图击败他人而获胜的比赛或系列活动”,还用来指 “与你竞争的个人或企业”。
名词 “match” 指的是 “两人或两队对阵的比赛”,强调双方互相比试。“Match” 还用来表示 “事物双方实力相当或属性相符”,表达这个含义时,也可以作动词使用。
#英语##考研##高考##语法#
视频加载中...
Hi, I'm Marie. Welcome to Oxford Online English!
嗨,我是玛丽。欢迎来到牛津大学在线英语课程!
In this lesson you can learn how to talk about football in English.
在这节课中,大家将要学习如何用英语谈论足球。
Do you play football?
你踢足球吗
Do you watch football, or support a team?
你看足球吗,有没有支持哪只球队呢
You can learn useful language to talk about who you support, talk about a football match, and more!
你可以学习有用的语言来谈论你支持谁,谈论足球比赛等等!
Before we start, check out our website: Oxford Online English dot com.
在我们开始之前,请查看我们的网站:Oxford Online English dot com。
Are you watching on YouTube?
你是在 YouTube 上观看吗
Look in the video description for links.
在视频描述中找一找链接吧。
You can find the full version of this lesson, which includes the script for you to read, and a quiz so you can test your vocabulary skills!
你可以找到本节课的完整版本,其中包括供你阅读的脚本以及一个测验,可以测试你的词汇技能!
You can also book online lessons with one of our professional teachers, in case you need more help with your English.
你还可以与我们的专业老师预订在线课程,如果你在英语方面需要更多帮助的话。
Our teachers can help you with spoken English, writing, pronunciation, IELTS preparation, or whatever else you need.
我们的老师可以帮助你进行英语口语、写作、发音、雅思备考或其他任何你需要的课程。
Oxford Online English dot com.
Oxford Online English dot com。
One more thing: don't forget to turn on the subtitles if you need them!
还有一点:有需要的的话,不要忘记打开字幕哦!
All our videos have English subtitles, and many have subtitles in other languages, too.
我们所有的视频都有英文字幕,很多视频也有其他语言的字幕。
Click the 'CC' button in the bottom right now.
点击底部的“CC”按钮。
OK, let's talk about football!
好的,让我们来谈谈足球吧!
You're a Villa fan, right?
你是维拉队的球迷,对吧
Villa?
维拉
No!
不是!
Spurs.
是马刺。
I'm Tottenham through and through.
我是彻头彻尾的托特纳姆。
Oh, really?
哦,真的吗
I like Spurs.
我喜欢马刺。
They've done well recently.
他们最近表现得很好。
They've been top four for the last few seasons, right?
过去几个赛季他们一直是前四名,对吧
Yeah, they're always there or thereabouts, but it'd be nice to actually turn that into some trophies one day.
是的,他们总是在这个排名左右,但如果有一天能拿到奖杯就最好了。
We haven't won anything major for a long time.
我们已经很久没有赢得任何重大比赛了。
Who do you support?
你支持谁呢
Newcastle.
纽卡斯尔。
My Dad's from there, and he took me to games when I was younger, so I've stuck with them.
我爸爸来自那里,我小的时候他会带我去看比赛,所以我一直很喜欢他们。
I'm not a fanatic, but I try to go to at least a couple of games a year, although it's not much fun at the moment.
虽然我不是狂热粉丝,但是我一年至少会去看几场比赛,尽管现在没那么有意思了。
They've got a good side though, no?
他们也有好的一面,对吧
Yeah, it's not that.
是的,不算很差。
The owners won't invest, so they've been underperforming for the last few years.
老板不愿投资,所以他们在过去几年里表现不佳。
It's frustrating.
真是令人沮丧。
What do you think for this year?
你觉得今年怎么样
You think City will win it again?
你认为曼城会再次获胜吗
Probably, though I think Liverpool have a shot, too.
可能吧,尽管我认为利物浦也有机会。
How do you think Spurs will do?
你觉得马刺会如何呢
Well, I'd be happy enough with 4th, and very happy with 3rd.
嗯,我对第四名很满意,对第三名也很满意。
We need to be more consistent, though.
不过,我们需要更加始终如一。
Last year we dropped too many points in easy games.
去年我们在简单的比赛中丢了太多分。
What about Newcastle?
纽卡斯尔呢
Realistically, if we finish in the top half of the table, it'll be a good season.
现实地说,如果我们能冲到积分榜的上半部分的话,这个赛季就还不错。
I just hope we don't get relegated again… Are you a football fan?
我只希望我们的名次不要再下降了……你是个足球迷吗
Who do you support?
你支持谁
You could answer this by saying 'I support …', as in 'I support Manchester United,' or 'I support Barcelona.' Or, you could just give the club name.
你可以解答说“我支持.... ..”,就像“我支持曼联”或者“我支持巴塞罗那”。或者,你可以说俱乐部的名字。
In the English Premier League, club names are often shortened.
在英超联赛中,俱乐部的名字经常被缩短。
Look at five short names for Premier League clubs.
看看英超俱乐部的五个简称。
Do you know which clubs they are?
你知道他们是哪些俱乐部吗
Did you know?
你知道吗
Here are the answers.
以下是答案。
If you say 'City' or 'United' when talking about English football, most people will understand 'Manchester City' and 'Manchester United'.
如果你在谈论英国足球时说“曼城”或“曼联”,大多数人会理解是“曼彻斯特城足球俱乐部”和“曼彻斯特联足球俱乐部”。
There are many clubs which have 'City' or 'United' in their name, but these are historically two of the biggest.
许多俱乐部的名字中有“城”或“联”,但这是史上最大的两个俱乐部。
Anyway, what about your club?
不管怎样说,你的俱乐部呢
Look at three questions.
看三个问题吧。
Think about how you could answer these questions.
想想你会如何解答这些问题。
Before you do, let's see some language from the dialogue which might help.
在此之前,让我们看看对话中可能有帮助的一些语言吧。
Look at the highlighted words and phrases.
看一下标亮的单词和短语。
Do you remember how they were used?
你还记得它们是怎么使用的吗
Could you explain what they mean?
你能解释一下它们的意思吗
'Through and through' means that you give 100% to your club.
“Through and through”的意思是你百分之百支持你的俱乐部。
If you say 'I'm Tottenham through and through', you mean you are — and always have been — a big Tottenham fan.
如果你说“我是彻头彻尾的托特纳姆”的话,你的意思是你是——而且一直是——托特纳姆的超级球迷。
A 'fanatic' in this context means a very enthusiastic fan.
这里的“fanatic”意味着非常热情的粉丝。
If you say 'I'm not a fanatic', you mean that you support your team, but maybe it's not a big part of your life.
如果你说“我不是一个狂热粉”的话,你的意思是你支持你的团队,但也许这不是你生活非常重要的一部分。
'There or thereabouts' means 'near the top, but not the best'.
“There or thereabouts”的意思是“接近顶部,但不是最好的”。
If your team is there or thereabouts, you mean that they're close to the top teams, but not one of the best in the country.
如果你的球队不拔头筹也差不到哪里去的话,你的意思是他们接近顶级,但算不上是全国最好的球队之一。
Maybe you finish 3rd, 4th or 5th every year.
也许你的球队每年都是第三、第四或第五名。
If your team underperforms, it gets worse results than you would expect.
如果你的团队表现不佳的话,结果会比你预期的更糟糕。
Maybe you have many great players, but you don't win as often as you should.
也许球队里有很多厉害的球员,但是却没有经常赢得比赛。
Top teams need to be consistent.
顶级团队需要表现得更始终如一。
This means they play at a high level every week.
这意味着他们每周都有高水平的比赛。
The opposite is inconsistent.
相反的是不一致的。
Inconsistent teams might play well one week, and badly the next.
不一致的球队可能某一周踢得很好,下周就踢得很糟糕。
Finally, if your team gets relegated, they finish in one of the bottom places in the league, and so they drop down to the league below.
最后,如果你的球队排名降低,在联赛中的排名到了最后的位置的话,他们就是掉到垫底的名次了。
Getting relegated is one of the worst things that can happen to a team!
排名降低是球队可能发生的最糟糕的事情之一!
So now, what about your team?
所以你的团队呢
Look at the questions you saw before.
看看你之前看到的问题。
Think about how you could answer them.
想想你会怎么解答它们。
Maybe you could use some of the language you just saw.
也许你可以使用一些你刚刚看到的语言。
Pause the video, think about your answers, and practise saying them out loud.
暂停视频,思考你的答案,并练习大声说出来。
OK?
好吗
Could you do it?
你能做到吗
If it's difficult, remember that you can go back and watch the dialogue and explanations again.
如果很难的话,可以回去再看一遍对话和解释哦。
Next, imagine that you just watched an exciting match.
接下来,想象一下你刚刚观看了一场激动人心的比赛。
How could you talk about it?
你可以怎么谈论它呢
Let's see!
让我们看看吧!
Wow!
哇!
What a game!
这场比赛太赞了!
Yeah, real end-to-end stuff.
是的,真的咬得很紧。
5-5?
五比五?
How often do you see a 10-goal draw?
你多久能看到一次 10 球平局呢
I thought West Brom were out of it, but they kept coming back.
我以为西布朗出局了,但他们却追了回来。
To be 5-2 down against a team like United, and score three… They never stopped fighting.
以 5 比 2 落后于像曼联这样的球队,并获得 3 分……他们从未停止战斗。
On the one hand, it's disappointing that we blew a three-goal lead, but it was such a great match that I can't be too unhappy.
一方面,令人失望的是我们失去了三球的领先优势,但这是一场非常伟大的比赛,我真的太开心了。
In the end, I think a draw was the right result.
我觉得平局是正确的结果。
Obviously I'd have loved West Brom to win, but neither team deserved to lose.
显然我希望西布朗获胜,但两支球队都不应该输。
True, though your lot were so bad in the first half.
没错,尽管上半场你的球队运气很差。
I don't know what happened at half time, but you looked like a completely different side after the interval.
我不知道中场休息时发生了什么,但中场休息后你的球队看起来完全换了个样子。
Yeah, I know what you mean.
是的,我懂你的意思。
I think United sat back a bit too much in the second half, too.
我认为曼联在下半场也有点退缩了。
Maybe they thought they had won it in the first half.
也许他们认为他们在上半场赢定了。
Yeah, we didn't look as sharp in the second half.
是的,下半场我们看起来没那么激烈了。
Here's a question: what's the best football match you can remember?
这里有一个问题:你能记得的最好的足球比赛是哪一场呢
At the start of the dialogue, you heard the phrase 'end-to-end stuff.' You can use this to describe a match which was fast-going and full of action.
在对话开始时,你听到了“end-to-end stuff”这个短语。你可以用它来描述一场快速且充满动作性的比赛。
Look at some more phrases from the dialogue, but with some words missing.
让我们来看对话中的一些短语,但是缺少一些单词。
Can you remember the missing words?
你能记住遗漏的单词吗
Remember that you can go back and listen to the dialogue again if you want.
记住,如果你想的话,可以回去再听一遍对话。
Are you ready?
准备好了吗
Let's see the answers.
让我们看看答案吧。
Can you explain what these phrases mean?
你能解释一下这些短语的意思吗
'Out of it' means that you don't have a chance.
“出局”意味着你没有机会了。
If a team is three goals down, normally you can say they're out of it, because most teams don't win from that position.
如果一个队落后三个球,通常你可以说他们出局了,因为大多数队都不会在这个情况下反超。
You can also use 'in' with the opposite meaning.
你也可以用“in”来表达相反的意思。
For example 'They may be a goal down, but they're still in the game.' This means that even though they're losing, they still have a chance to win.
例如:“他们可能落后一球,但他们仍没有出局。”这意味着即使他们看起来要输了,但是仍然有机会赢。
If a team recovers from a losing position and gets a draw or a win, then they come back.
如果一个队从失败的位置拉回来,并获得平局或胜利,那么他们就是拉回了比分。
'Come back' can be a verb or a noun.
“Come back”可以是动词或名词。
Look at two examples.
看两个例子。
'Blow a three-goal lead' means to lose a winning position.
“失去了三球领先的优势”的意思是失去了可以获胜的位置。
'We blew a three-goal lead' means we were three goals ahead, but then the other team came back to win or draw.
“我们失去了三球领先的优势”意味着我们领先了三个球,但是另一个队拉回来了,要么赢,要么就是平局。
In general, if you say 'you blew it', it means 'you failed'.
一般来说,如果你说你搞砸了的话,那就意味着你失败了。
It's conversational.
这是对话性的表达。
'Your lot' means 'the team you support.' It's also conversational, but it's quite common among UK football fans.
“You lot”的意思是“你支持的团队”。这也是对话中使用的,但在英国足球迷中很常见。
If a team sits back, they don't try to attack, and maybe they don't give 100%.
如果一个球队不采取行动的话,他们不会试图进攻,可能也不会100%付出。
Sometimes, teams sit back when they're already winning, because they don't think they need more goals.
有时候,当球队已经获胜时,他们会不采取行动,因为他们认为他们不需要更多的进球了。
Another conversational expression which is popular recently is 'park the bus', which has a similar meaning.
最近流行的另一个会话表达是“park the bus”,意思是相似的。
If a team parks the bus, they defend deep, and don't move players forwards.
如果一个队放弃进攻的话,他们会加强防守,不会让球员向前移动。
Saying that a team parks the bus is usually a criticism, because it describes a style of play which is often boring to watch, even if it's effective sometimes.
说一个队放弃进攻通常是一种批评,因为它描述了一种看起来很无聊的比赛风格,即使有时是很有效的。
Finally, if your team looks sharp, they are playing well and moving fast.
最后,如果你的球队看起来很激烈的话,他们踢得很好,移动很快。
'Sharp' means something like 'focused' or 'dangerous'.
"Sharp"的意思是"专注"或"危险"。"
You want your team to look sharp, especially if they have a big match, like a cup final.
你希望你的球队看起来很激烈,尤其是如果他们有一场重要的比赛的话,比如足球杯决赛。
Has your team ever played in a cup final, or won any trophies?
你的球队参加过足球杯决赛吗,或者赢得过什么奖杯吗
Let's see how you can talk about that next.
接下来让我们看看你如何谈论这个情况吧。
Big night for you on Thursday, right?
周四对你来说很重要,对吧
The Europa Final?
欧联决赛
Yeah, I'm looking forward to it.
是的,我很期待。
You think you'll win?
你觉得你的球队会赢吗
Could do.
可能吧。
I think both teams are quite evenly matched.
我认为两支球队相当势均力敌。
In a knockout competition, you've always got a chance.
在淘汰赛中,你的球队总是有机会的。
We'll see!
让我们等着看吧!
It'd be a big deal though, wouldn't it?
不过这真的是件大事,对吧
First European trophy?
第一个欧洲奖杯
Yeah, that'd be nice.
是啊,那就太好了。
Plus, it gets us into the Champions League next year.
另外,它可以让我们进入明年的冠军联赛。
That would be a first, too.
这也是第一次。
Didn't you win the FA cup a couple of years ago?
几年前你们不是赢得了足总杯吗
No, we got to the final, but then we lost in extra time.
不,我们进入了决赛,但是我们在加时赛中输了。
We haven't won anything in recent years except the League Cup, and even that was five years ago.
除了联赛杯,我们最近几年什么也没赢过,即使那是五年前的事了。
I think I remember that match.
我想我还记得那场比赛。
Didn't you win on penalties?
你们不是赢了点球吗
Yeah, it was a long shootout.
是的,这是一场漫长的战斗。
It went to 10-9 or 9-8 or something crazy.
最后演变成了 10-9 或 9-8 这么疯狂的比分。
Well, a win's a win!
赢了就是赢了!
Generally, football teams take part in two kinds of competition: leagues, like the Premier League, La Liga or Serie A, and cup competitions.
一般来说,足球队参加两种比赛:联赛,如超级联赛、西甲或意甲,以及杯赛。
Cup competitions can be domestic or international.
杯赛可以是国内的,也可以是国际的。
English football has two cup competitions: the League Cup and the FA Cup.
英国足球有两个杯赛:联赛杯和足总杯。
The FA Cup is generally considered more prestigious.
足总杯一般认为更有声望一些。
Other European leagues mostly have one domestic cup, but a few countries have two.
其他欧洲联赛大多有一个国内杯,但少数国家有两个。
Then, you have international cups.
然后还有国际杯。
In Europe, the most famous is the Champions League.
在欧洲,最著名的是欧冠。
The Europa League is the second-tier cup.
欧洲联赛是第二级的杯赛。
Cups are knockout competitions, meaning that in most cases, if you lose one match, you're out.
杯赛是淘汰赛,这意味着在大多数情况下,如果你输了一场比赛的话,你就出局了。
Some cups have a league phase, like the group stage of the Champions League, or the World Cup.
有些杯赛有联赛阶段,比如冠军联赛的小组赛,或者世界杯冠军联赛。
In a knockout match, what happens if it's a draw?
在淘汰赛中,如果平局会发生什么呢
The match might go to extra time.
比赛可能会进入加时赛。
If that doesn't produce a result, then you have a penalty shootout.
如果这都没有产生结果的话,那么就要开始点球大战。
Look at two sentences: Notice that you win or lose in extra time, but on penalties.
看两个句子:注意加时赛输赢是要用“in”,而点球则是用“on”。
Now, let's practise!
现在,让我们练习一下吧!
Look at three questions.
看三个问题。
Can you answer these questions?
你能解答这些问题吗
Like before, pause the video and make your answers.
像以前一样,暂停视频并说出你的答案。
Read them out loud, write them down, or do both!
大声读出来,写下来,或者两者都进行!
Let's look at one more thing: talking about players and transfers.
我们再来看一件事情:谈论球员和转会。
You looking forward to the new season?
你期待新赛季吗
Yeah, of course, though I'm less optimistic than I could have been.
是的,当然,尽管我没有想象中那么乐观。
We didn't have much luck in the transfer window.
我们在转会窗口运气不佳。
You still have a good team, though.
不过,你们的团队仍然很好。
Sure, but we've lost some players.
当然,但是我们失去了一些球员。
Kanté's gone, Schwarzer's gone, and I don't think Riyad Mahrez will stay for long.
坎特走了,施瓦泽走了,我认为里亚德·马赫雷斯也不会呆太久。
Plus, with injuries, we needed at least one centre back, a holding midfielder, a winger, and probably more.
此外,由于受伤,我们至少需要一名中后卫、一名持球中场、一名边锋,甚至更多。
But you still have Vardy.
但你们还有瓦迪。
He's still a top striker.
他仍然是一名顶级前锋。
Yeah, no doubt.
是的,毫无疑问。
He's getting on, though.
不过,他年纪也越来越大了。
He might have one or two more good seasons in him, but we need to think about replacing him, too.
他可能还有一两个好赛季,但我们也需要考虑替换他。
Well, count your blessings.
好吧,知足常乐。
We have a transfer ban, and our keeper's injured, so we might not even have a recognised goalie for our first match.
我们有转会禁令,而且我们的守门员受伤了,所以我们甚至可能没有第一场比赛的知名守门员。
You have so much depth in your squad, though.
不过,你的队伍阵容还是很强大。
I think you'll be OK.
我觉得你们肯定没事的。
Here's a question: how many football positions can you name in English?
这里有一个问题:你能用英语说出多少个足球位置呢
How many did you get?
你能说出多少
In general, you have a goalkeeper, defenders, midfielders and forwards.
一般来说,有守门员、后卫、中场和前锋。
In each group, you have more specific words.
在每组中,还有更具体的单词。
For example, defenders can be centre-backs, left-backs, or right-backs, and there are other positions, too.
例如,后卫可以是中后卫、左后卫或右后卫,还有其他位置。
Midfielders can be classified by both where they play and their role.
中场球员可以根据他们的位置和角色来分类。
A 'role' can be defensive or attacking.
角色可以是防御型的,也可以是攻击型的。
For example, a holding midfielder is a defensive midfielder who plays in the centre.
例如,持球中场是打中锋的防守中场。
A winger is usually an attacking midfielder who plays on the left or the right side.
边锋通常是在左边或右边踢球的攻击中场。
There are many other possible midfield positions, depending on the team's tactics.
还有许多其他可能的中场位置,这取决于球队的战术。
Forwards can be strikers, whose job is to score.
前锋可以是前锋,他们的任务就是得分。
Some teams might play a second forward behind the main striker, or wide forwards, who play on either side of the main striker.
一些球队可能会在主前锋后面打第二前锋,或者在主前锋两侧打边锋。
What about your team?
你的球队呢
Who's the best defender, midfielder and forward?
谁是最好的后卫、中场和前锋
Which players would you like to see in your team?
你希望在你的球队中看到哪些球员
Let's see some more phrases from the dialogue you can use to talk about players and transfers.
让我们看看对话中更多你可以用来谈论球员和转会的短语吧。
Can you explain what these mean?
你能解释一下这些是什么意思吗
'Top' means 'one of the best'.
“Top”的意思是最好的之一。
'Getting on' means 'getting older'.
“Getting on”的意思是“变老”。
It's conversational.
这是对话的表达。
Of course, getting older is relative here; footballers, especially forwards, often start getting slower after 30, and few are playing at a high level after 35. A transfer ban is when a club is not allowed to buy new players.
当然,变老在这里是相对的;足球运动员,尤其是前锋,通常在 30 岁后速度开始变慢,很少有人在 35 岁后水平还保持得很好。转会禁令是指俱乐部不允许买入新球员。
If a club breaks the rules around transfers, they might get a transfer ban for a few months.
如果俱乐部违反了转会规则,他们可能会被禁止转会几个月。
Recently in the Premier League, Chelsea were given a 12-month transfer ban for breaking the rules on approaching players aged under 18. Finally, sentence four means that the club has more than 11 good players.
最近在英超联赛中,切尔西因违反接近 18 岁以下球员的规定而被禁止转会 12 个月。最后,第四句表示俱乐部有超过 11 名优秀球员。
If your club has a deep squad, it means that injuries or losing one or two players won't be a problem, because there are other good players to take over.
如果你的俱乐部阵容强大,这意味着受伤或失去一两个球员不成问题,因为还有其他优秀的球员可以替补。
What about you?
那你呢
Who do you support, and who are your favourite players right now?
你支持谁,谁是你现在最喜欢的球员
Share your opinions in the comments!
在评论里分享你的看法吧!
Thanks for watching!
感谢收看!
See you next time!
下节课再见!
科学技术是第一生产力,我是清晨碳水。
有句俗话说,身大力不亏,形容的就是身材高大的人,强壮有力。因此,在坊间大家也都普遍认为,身体越强壮,肌肉越发达的人的力量水平也一定很高。不知不觉的便有了肌肉围度大小决定了力量水平高低的观念,但果真如此吗 大家都对竞技体育都有所了解,传统健美运动员通常都有着很大的围度,而力量却不及举重运动员。而举重运动员呢,虽然有着超强的力量水平,但围度不如健美运动员大。产生这样的现象,背后的原因是什么呢 今天就来说说关于肌肉围度与肌肉力量的运动科学,让你在未来的训练中,有的放矢。
一般来说,目标决定形体,也同时决定了你的力量水平。不同目标的设定,训练的方法也就完全不同。因此,你的训练方法也就决定了你是围度增加更多还是力量水平提高更快。虽然大家都做同样的动作,但是通过设计不同的负荷、次数、间歇时间等变量,最后得到的结果是完全不一样的。健美运动员通常是6~12RM的训练次数范围,而举重运动员通常是1~3RM的训练次数范围,就是因为两者的训练次数方法不同,造成了两者的差异化。下面我们来看看训练方法背后有哪些因素造成了两者的差异化。
影响围度与力量的因素
第一,肌肉成分
我们人体有600多块肌肉,每一块肌肉都有着丰富的血管分布,受神经的支配。其中肌肉的最基本单位是肌原纤维,肌原纤维组成了肌纤维,也是肌肉收缩的最基本单位。而在肌原纤维外面是一些类似于水状的物质,被称作肌质,也叫肌浆。肌浆是肌纤维的细胞质。肌浆则是由液体、基质与ATP等物质组成。就是这两种物质决定了我们是围度更大还是力量更强。
健美运动员更注重的是肌浆的训练模式,肌浆训练会产生围度增大的效果,主要是肌浆里存储了糖原与蛋白质等营养物质成分造成的围度增加,通过细胞质的扩张来完成,但力量增长相对比较慢。而举重选手则更倾向于肌原纤维的训练,对于肌原纤维的刺激,则是力量提升比较明显,肌原纤维肥大是肌原纤维的大小和数量的增长,但肌肉围度变化相对不大。
第二,能量系统
我们都知道人体有三大供能系统,磷酸原系统、糖酵解系统与有氧氧化系统。在围度与力量的关系中,对其影响最大的是前两者。力量训练,是针对肌原纤维的训练,更多是利用到了磷酸原系统,一般几秒钟就可以完成一组训练。而且,磷酸原系统不会产生太多的代谢物。而肌浆训练,也就是健美运动员的训练方式,则更多的用到了糖酵解系统,在整个过程中,因为碳水参与比较大,产生了如乳酸、氢离子等身体代谢产生。这样会让目标肌肉产生更多的代谢压力,有利于肌浆肥大的产生。
第三,神经肌肉控制
力量训练更注重神经的强化与发展,通常是爆发性质的训练。越要求速度与力量结合的项目,对于神经募集能力的要求就会越高(指的是神经单次可以最多募集的肌纤维数量),举重通常在几秒钟就可以完成一系列的连续动作。因此,单位时间内要募集到更多的肌肉纤维,而且触发的频率要更快,与此同时,全身所有的肌肉也要做到协同配合,产生最大的效应。这个过程中,强调的是神经控制肌肉纤维的能力,强调的是最大力量的爆发,而不是肌肉围度的增加,反倒是肌肉围度的过度增大,会影响运动时的速度。而健美运动员,则对神经的训练程度不如举重运动员,因此,发展时的侧重点也就有所不同。
第四,训练方法
健美运动员训练时,比较讲究动作的全程控制。背后的理论就是持续受压时间长短,当时间越长时,而且是在糖酵解系统的供能范围内,就会产生更多的代谢压力,促进肌浆的肥大。健美运动员通常训练是采用6~12RM的训练次数,每次4秒离心,1秒收缩以及2秒向心的全程运动控制节奏,这样大约40秒左右完成一组,而且每组间歇时间不会超过90秒,这样就会对身体产生极大的代谢压力,有利于肌浆肥大的产生。而举重运动员则大多数是每组1~3次,每次几秒就结束且休息时间通常会在3~5分钟,这样的训练模式更注重的是神经的训练,力量的增长,追求的是单次身体力量的最大输出。
除此之外,健美运动员平时训练更多的采用了目标肌肉孤立的训练方式,这样也有利于肌肉围度的增长。而举重大多是全身性的快速爆发的复合动作,并不针对身体某一部位,更多的是强度全身肌肉的协同发力,最终能够产生多大的力量。
通过上述,可以看出来,如果你想要肌肉围度的增长,就要更多注重肌浆肥大的训练。而如果想要最大化发展力量训练要注重肌原纤维的训练模式。围度其实并不与力量成正比。这里要注意一点,两者在某一模式的运动训练中,都会涉及到,只是更倾向于肌浆还是肌原纤维,并不存在训练肌原纤维,肌浆就完全不生长的情况。
针对日常训练的建议
第一,动作质量
无论是采用何种训练方式,动作质量都是不可以忽视的。好的动作质量,不仅仅使你训练效率得到提高,而且会更加强化你的动作模式,强化你的神经通路。如果是错误的动作,随着训练时间的推移,不仅训练效率低下,而且容易造成运动损伤。后期再修复错误的成本也会更高。因此,好的动作模式与动作质量才是最根本的保证,最为基本的保障。无论你是新人还是高手,都应该在动作模式正确的前提下去完成训练,去加载负荷。不正确的动作模式,当下可能不会影响什么,但潜在的风险会越来越大。
第二,营养摄入
蛋白质是肌肉组织的组成部分,同时包含必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸。非必需氨基酸是人体天然产生的,而必需氨基酸则必须通过饮食获得。其中亮氨酸对于肌肉修复和生长至关重要。确保您的蛋白质来源提供足够的亮氨酸,这对于肌肉的生长至关重要。由于动物蛋白含有全部9种必需氨基酸,因此食用红肉、禽、蛋、奶制品和鱼会得到更多的亮氨酸。
碳水对于肌肉的增长与恢复至关重要。特别是训练后立即摄入碳水,通过胰岛素的大量分泌,打开营养的通道与窗口,开启了肌肉的合成,让更多的营养物质进入到肌纤维中去,这其中就有肌肉的主要成分蛋白质。当碳水充足时,不仅可以刺激肌蛋白的合成,而且还能阻断蛋白质的分解。这样就更有利于肌肉的修复与生长。
除此之外,膳食均衡也不能被忽视。蔬菜与水果不能少,特别是蔬菜,起到了润滑剂的作用,不仅补充足量矿物质还有利于机体加速吸收其他营养素。每天500g左右的蔬菜摄入,是最低标准。而且尽量选择十字科类蔬菜与绿叶蔬菜。
第三,睡眠与休息
无论是肌浆的训练还是肌原纤维的训练,不仅是肌肉的疲劳,还有供能系统与神经的疲劳。只有合理的营养加上充分的休息,身体才能恢复。恢复过程中,身体肌肉修复的同时,激素水平也会不同程度的调整。如睾酮素,生长激素的提升,压力激素皮质醇的降低,都与睡眠与休息不可分割。
避免过度训练。训练过度通常表现是训练成绩通过合理休息后也无法恢复,训练中肌肉感觉比较差,频繁感冒或者身体出现这样那样的小问题,而且容易受伤,都有可能是训练过度的表现。学会休息,才能持续进步。
结束语
无论采用什么样的训练方法,并没有谁更好或者更坏。都是根据自己当下的目标去选择。正所谓,适合自己的才是最好的。但是无论何种训练模式的选择,都离不开最基础的动作模式、营养摄入与睡眠休息三者的配合。只有通过科学合理的训练才能达到自己最终想要的结果。肌肉围度与力量并不是成正比的关系。还是那句话,最初的目标决定了后续的一切做法。懂得更多,实践更多,才会收获更多。希望大家都有一个适合自己目标的训练方法,不再盲目训练。加油。
唯有不断提升现在,才能更好主宰未来,我是清晨碳水,感谢大家支持与关注,我会继续努力为大家带来更优质的文章,谢谢。
#健康真相馆##清风计划#
(1)2022lol世界赛程时间表赛程:入围赛:2022年9月29...
(1)2022女篮世界杯赛程表时间女篮联赛2022赛程表如下:小组...
1、cba辽宁2023年赛程表年CBA联赛将于10月初正式开幕,辽...
(1)英雄联盟2021总决赛LPL代表队一览1、S11全球总决赛L...
(1)女排世锦赛2022具体时间1、女排世锦赛2022年时间是9月...