中考英语考点词汇精讲910

中考英语考点词汇精讲910

中考英语考点词汇精讲（9）

1. everyday; every day

（1）everyday作形容词，意为“每天的，日常的，平日的”。仅用在名词之前做定语，不能单独使用。例如：

everyday life 日常生活

everyday English 日常英语

everyday activities 日常活动

everyday clothes 平日里穿的服装

（2）every day 是副词短语，意为“每天”，相当于each day, 通常用作句子的时间状语从句。

We should eat vegetables and fruits every day.我们应该每天都吃蔬菜和水果。　

My parents ask me to go to bed before 11:00 every day.我的父母要求我每天11：00之前睡觉。

2. fair

（1）fair作形容词，意为“公平的，合理的”。There must be fair play whatever the competition is.不管是什么样的竞赛都必须公平合理。

（2）fair作形容词，意为“自然的,理所当然的”。It’s fair enough to ask your close friends to help.向你的好朋友求助,这是很自然的/理所当然的。

（3）fair作形容词，还意为“相当大（多、远）的”。

They’ve made a fair amount of money.

他们赚了相当大的一笔钱。

（4）fair作形容词，也意为“（肤色）浅的，（头发）金色的”。

Her daughter has big eyes and fair hair.

她的女儿长着大大的眼睛，金色的头发。

【拓展】

fair作名词，意为“(定期)集市、庙会；商品展览会、博览会”。

He brought his piglets to the fair.

他把小猪带到集市去卖。

A book fair is to be held next month.

下个月将举行书展。

3. avoid

（1）从意思上看，可表示“避开”或“躲避”(keep oneself from)某人或某物；也可表示“防止”(prevent)某事的发生。例如 ：

Try to avoid accidents.

尽量防止发生事故。

I avoided him as much as possible.

我尽量避开他。

You should avoid such mistakes.

你应当避免这样的错误。

正：He avoided answering my questions.

误：He avoided to answer my questions.

要想不受影响是不可能的。

正：It was impossible to avoid being affected.

误：It was impossible to avoid to be affected

4. be famous for

（1）be famous for表示人以某种知识技能，作品或特征而出名；表示某地以某种特产或特征出名；或表示某事以其内容、特征、价值等而被人所知。例如：He is famous for his skill in playing football.

他因球艺而出名。

The area is famous for its green tea.

这个地区以产绿茶而著称。

【拓展】

be famous as 表示“以……而出名”的意思，或确切地说是“作为……而出名”的意思，主要是表示人以某种身份或职业而出名，或表示某地方作为什么产地或地方而出名，或表示某事物以某种形式而出名。Mark Twin was famous as a children-story writer.马克·吐温作为儿童故事作家而著称。

This book is famous as a reference book.

这本书作为参考书而出名。

5. produce; product; production

（1）produce 作动词，表示“生产，制造，出产”的意思；例如：

Tea is produced in many different areas in China.

中国很多地方都出产茶叶。

produce作名词，主要指农产品，是一个不可数的集合名词。例如：

the agricultural produce农产品

the native produce土特产品　　

We need some fresh produce.

我们需要一些新鲜的农产品。

（2）product 主要指工业产品，也可指农产品，是可数名词。例如：　

farm product农产品

Petrol is the most important product of many Middle-East countries.

石油是许多中东国家最重要的产品。

【注意】有时用于引申义。例如：　　

He saw man as the product of society.

他把人看作是社会的产物。　　

（3）production 通常不表示具体的产品，它主要指生产这一动作或过程，制作，摄制（电影、戏剧等）,是不可数名词；例如：　　

The company is famous for the production of small cars. 这家公司以生产小型汽车闻名。　　

【注意】production 除表示“生产”外，还可指艺术作品，此时为可数名词。例如：　　

The theme of his late productions was life and death. 他晚期作品的主题是生与死。　　

production 还可以表示产量，是不可数名词

the production of wheat小麦生产产量

The production has increased.

产量已增加。

6. be good for

be good for意为“对……有好处，对……有益处”，介词for后接名词或代词。其反义词为be bad for，意为“对……有害处”。例如：

Junk food is not good for our health.

垃圾食品对我们的健康没有好处。

Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。

【拓展】

（1） be good to“对……好”，其反义短语为be bad to“对……不好”。介词to之后一般接表示人的名词或代词。例如：

She is very good to us. 她对我们很好。

The boss is bad to his workers.

那个老板对他的工人不好。

（2） be good at“在……方面擅长”，介词at后面常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，同义短语为do well in。例如：

She is good at English and Chinese.

= She does well in English and Chinese.

她擅长英语和汉语。

（3）be good with“和……相处得好；擅于和……相处”。例如：

Are you good with children?

你和孩子们相处得好吗

7. turn … into ….

（1） turn … into…表示“把……变成…… ; 使……变成……”。例如：

Can you turn this piece of paper into a flower? 你能够把这张纸变成一朵花吗

Please tell me how to turn the water into ice.

请告诉我怎么把水变成冰。

【拓展】

turn into表示“转变；变成；成为”。例如：

We think he’ll turn into a top-class player. 我们认为他会成为一流的选手。

I think I have got to stop or I might turn into a machine.我想我得停下来了，否则我就会变成一台机器。

8. special

（1）special作形容词，意为“特殊的，特别的，专门的(反义词：ordinary)”，强调事物特有的性质、性格或专门的目的、用途。

You must have special permission to enter this room．你必须得到特许才能进这个房间。

（2）especial 作形容词，意为“特别的，主要的，突出的(反义词：common)”，强调的是重要性，有“尤其、特别”之意。

He solved the problem of especial importance.他解决了非常重要的问题。

9. both … and …

（1）both...and...意为“……和……都……”; “不仅……而且……”，连接两个并列的词或短语，不能用来连接句子。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，不受“就近原则”的限制。例如：Both Li Ming and Wei Hua are good at English.

【拓展】

both...and...相对应的连词结构式neither…nor…表示“既不……也不……”。作主语时，谓语动词受“就近原则”的限制。例如：

Neither you nor I am a student.

你和我都不是学生。

10. invent

（1）invent 作动词，意为“发明；创造”。例如：

Edison invented the light bulb.

爱迪生发明了电灯。

（2）invent还可以表示“虚构”。例如：

The whole story was invented.

整个故事是虚构的。

（3） invent的名词形式有两个，一个是inventor（发明者；发明家），另一个是invention（发明物）。例如：

Edison is a great inventor in history.

爱迪生是历史上伟大的发明家。

Human history is also a history of great inventions.

人类的历史也是一个伟大发明的历史。

【拓展】

invent和discover辨析

（1）invent 意为“发明，发明之物”指“从无到有”。例：

Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.

亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔在1876年发明了电话。

（2）discover 意为“发现”，指“本来就已经存在，但不为人知”的事物。例如：

Columbus discovered America in 1492.

哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。

11. for example

for example意为“例如”，强调“举例”说明，而且一般只举同类人或物中的一个作为插入语，且用逗号隔开。for example可置于句首、句中或句末。例如：

There are many kinds of pollution, for example, noise is a kind of pollution.

有许多种污染方式，例如噪音就是一种污染。

Many students like playing computer games，for example，Mike.

许多学生喜欢玩电脑游戏，比如迈克。

【拓展】

such as意为“例如”，用来“罗列”同类人或物中的几个例子，可置于被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，但such as后边不能用逗号。例如：

Many of the English programs are welcome, such as Follow Me, Follow Me to Science.

其中有许多英语节目很受欢迎，例如《跟我学》《跟我学科学》。

English is spoken in many countries, such asAustralia,Canadaand so on.

许多国家说英语，如澳大利亚和加拿大等。

12. popular

（1） popular作形容词，意为“流行的，受人欢迎的”。常用短语为be popular with，意为“受……的欢迎。例如：

The most popular sport is football. 最流行的运动是足球。

He is popular with our classmates. 他在我们班里有人缘。

（2）popular作形容词，意为“民众的;大众的”。

Popular education is one of our major objectives. 民众教育是我们的主要目标之一。

He speaks in popular language. 他用通俗的语言讲话。

【拓展】popularity作名词，意为“普及,流行;大众化”。Golf has gained popularity among the wealthy in my country.高尔夫球已在我国富有的人中流行起来。The popularity of private cars is changing the people’s life style.

私家车的普及正在改变着人们的生活方式。

13. remain

（1）remain用作不及物动词,意为“剩下、留下、呆在”,相当于stay。例如：

When the others had gone, Joan remained (=stayed) to clean the room.

别人走了,琼留下来清扫房间。

Only a few leaves remained (=were still) on the tree.树上只剩下几片叶子了。

The Smiths remained there all through the year. 史密斯一家人在那里呆了整整一年。

The soldiers were ordered to remain where they were. 士兵们接到命令呆在原地。

（2）remain作连系动词,意为“一直保持,仍然处于某种状态中”。例如：

Peter became a manager but John remained a worker. 彼得当上了经理,但约翰仍然是一个工人。

Whatever great progress you have made, you should remain modest. 无论你取得了多么大的进步,你都应一直保持谦虚。

The shop remains open until 11 at night.

这个商店一直营业到晚上十一点。

Whether it will be good to us remains to be seen. 这是否对我们有好处,还有待观察。

14. smell

smell作名词，表示“气味”。smell作连系动词，意为“闻、嗅”，后面常用形容词作表语。

What’s the pleasant smell? 香味是什么

The dumplings smell nice. 这些水饺闻起来很好。

【拓展】　　

（1）look，sound，smell，taste，feel这五个动词都与人的感觉有关，可称之为“感官”动词。这五个动词均可作连系动词，后面接形容词作表语，说明主语所处的状态。其意思分别为“看/听/闻/尝/摸起来……”。除look之外，其它几个动词的主语往往是物，而不是人。

The old man looks very happy.

那个老人看起来很幸福。

These flowers smell very sweet.

这些花闻起来很香。

The tomatoes feel very soft.

这些西红柿摸起来很软。

（2）look，sound，smell，taste，feel这些动词后面也可接介词like短语，like后面常用名词。

Her idea sounds like fun.

她的主意听起来很有趣。

15.take place

take place常用于历史事件或会议的发生，以及化学、物理变化，有事先预料或计划的意思，即“计划发生”。例如：

The party took place yesterday evening. 昨晚举办了晚会。

Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years. 我们家乡在过去的十年里发生了巨大的变化。

【拓展】　

happen指具体客观事物的发生，常有偶然性，未能预见性，即“偶然发生”。happen和take place均为不及物动词，无被动语态。

(1) 表示“某地/某时发生了什么事”，常用“sth. + happened + 时间/地点”这一结构，此时主语应该是物。例如：

The story happened in 2008.

这个故事发生在2008年。

An accident happened in that street.

那条街上发生了一起事故。

(2) 表示“某人出了某事（常指不好的事）”要用“sth. + happened + to sb.”这一结构。例如：

A car accident happened to her this morning. 今天上午她出了车祸。

What happened to you? 你怎么啦

(3) 表示“某人碰巧做某事”要用“sb. + happened + to do sth.”这一结构。

I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday. 昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。

16.boil

boil作动词，意为“使……煮沸，使……烧开”。

I stood in the kitchen, waiting for the water to boil. 我站在厨房，等着水烧开。

【拓展】　

(1) boiling作形容词，表示 “炎热的; 沸腾的”。

When everybody else is boiling hot, I’m freezing! 当其他所有人都酷热难耐时，我却冻得够呛！

Placing an egg into a huge pan full of boiling water isn’t easy either.

把蛋丢进一口装满开水大锅也不是容易的事。

（2）boiled作形容词，表示“煮过的；煮熟的”。

I’d like to drink a glass of cool boiled water. 我想喝一杯凉开水。

17. achieve

( 1）achieve作及物动词，意为“完成,实现”。

You will never achieve anything if you spend your time that way.

你若总是这样消磨时间,就永远不会有所成就。

Everybody should be given the chance to achieve their aims.

要让每个人都有机会实现自己的目标。

No one can achieve anything without effort.

谁也不可能不努力而有所作为。

（2）achieve作及物动词，意为“达到,赢得”。

The actor achieved fame when he was only nineteen. 那位演员十九岁时就成名了。

She achieved no success. 她没有获得成功。

【拓展】

achievement作名词，意为“成就,成绩”。例如：

The invention of the computer is a great achievement. 发明电脑是一大成就。

18. pleasure

pleasure作名词,指“愉快的事,乐趣”。

It’s a pleasure to meet you. 见到你很快乐。

It’s my pleasure. 不客气(接受道谢时解答)。

【拓展】

(1) pleased作形容词，指外物作用于感官,使人感到“高兴、满意”,常见的结构为：be pleased+不定式或从句, be pleased with, be pleased at (about)。例如：

I’m very pleased with the performance.

我很满意这次表演。

We’re pleased about (at) your success.

对于你的成功我们很满意。

I’m quite pleased that she has got such a good chance.

我很高兴她得到这样一个好的机会。

(2) pleasant作形容词，意为“令人愉快的,讨人喜欢的”。例如：

They spent a very pleasant afternoon in the hills. 他们在山上度过一个令人舒心的下午。

Spring weather is pleasant.

春天的天气让人心旷神怡。

中考英语考点词汇精讲（10）

1. grow up

grow up意为“长大；成熟；成长”。例如：

I grew up in Beijing. 我是在北京长大的。

I want to be a football player when I grow up. 我长大后相当一名足球运动员。

【拓展】

（1）grow into意为“长大成为”。例如：

Mary grew into a beautiful girl.

玛丽长成了一个漂亮的姑娘。

（2）grow还有“种植；增长”的意思。例如：

The farm grows all kinds of crops, such as rice, wheat and cotton. 这个农场种植各种各样的庄稼。例如：稻谷、小麦和棉花。

The population of the world is growing faster and faster. 世界人口增加得越来越快。

2. make sure

make sure＝be sure，意思是“确信”，它的后面可以跟that（可省略）引导的宾语从句、动词不定式或of短语。例如：

I am sure of his guilt.我确定他有罪。

I am sure to help you tomorrow.

我明天一定会帮你。

I am sure（that）he will achieve his goal. 我确定他会实现目标的。

3. education

education是名词，意为“教育；教育学”。例如：

Everyone wants to have a good education. 每人都想有一个良好的教育。

His lack of education is a disadvantage when he looks for a job.

他缺少教育，这在找工作时是一个不利条件。

【拓展】

educational是形容词，意为“教育的，有教育意义的”，常作定语。例如：

The staff should make sure the kids have an enjoyable and educational day.

老师们应该确保孩子们度过愉快而有教育意义的一天。

Several educational methods are being used at present.很多种教育的方式目前正在被使用。

4. send

send是及物动词，意为“寄，发送”，过去式和过去分词都是sent，其后能接双宾语，即send sb. sth.=send sth. to sb.。例如：

He sent me a postcard.

= He sent a postcard to me.

他寄给我一张明信片。

【拓展】

动词接双宾语时，有两种结构：

（1） 动词 + 间接宾语(sb.) + 直接宾语(sth.)

（2） 动词 + 直接宾语(sth.) + 介词(for/to) + 间接宾语(sb.)

能接双宾语的动词可分为两类：

（1）常用介词to的动词有：send; give; show; bring; show; teach; tell等。例如：

give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.

show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.

（2）常用介词for的动词有：buy; sing; make; cook; get等。例如：

buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.

make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb.

5. resolution

resolution为可数名词，意为“决心；决定”，常与make形成固定词组搭配：make a resolution意为“做决定；下决心”。例如：

People write down their resolutions and plans for the coming year.

人们写下他们的决心以及对来年的计划。

He made a resolution to study hard.

他下决心要努力学习。

6. hobby

　hobby为可数名词，意为“业余爱好；兴趣”，其复数形式为hobbies。例如：

I collect stamps as a hobby.

我的爱好是收集邮票。

My hobbies are letter writing, football, music, photography, and tennis.

我的业余爱好是写信、踢足球、听音乐、玩摄影和打网球。

My hobby is to read books. 我的爱好是读书。

7. agree with

agree with意为“同意……；赞成……”，后面接表示人或表示“意见；观点”的词。例如：She agreed with me. 她同意我的意见。I quite agree with what you said. 我完全同意你说的话。

【拓展】

（1）agree to意为“赞同；同意”，后面接表示“计划；提议；办法；安排”等词，to是介词。例如：They agree to my idea. 他们同意我的想法。Do you agree to this arrangement? 你同意这个安排吗 （2）agree还可以用于that从句前，表示“同意；一致认为”。例如：We all agreed that it was a good plan. 我们一致认为这是一项好计划。It was agreed that another meeting was necessary. 大家一致认为有必要再开一次会。

8. personal

personal是形容词，意为“个人的；私人的”。例如：

This is a personal letter. 这是一封私人信件。

Can I ask you a personal question?

我可以问你一个私人问题吗

【拓展】

personality是名词，意为“个性；性格”。例如：

She has such a kind, friendly personality.

她个性善良友好。

It completely depends on your personality.

这完全由你的性格决定。

9. improve

improve是动词，意为“改进；改善；提高”。

You’d better work out a plan to improve your writing skills.

你最好制定一个精心提高写作能力的计划。

We haven’t discovered how to improve it.

我们还没找到如何改进它的办法。

【注意】

improve的意思是“改进；使更好（make better）”，已包含better之意，因而不能再与better连用。

【拓展】

improvement是名词，意为“改善；改进；提高”。例如：

This essay represents a considerable improvement on your recent work.这篇论文说明你最近的工作取得了相当大的改进。

10. discuss

discuss是动词，意为“讨论；商量”。常用短语为：discuss sth. with sb.意为“和某人谈论某事”。例如：

We discussed our plans for the new term.

我们讨论了我们的新学期计划。

You needn’t discuss this matter with me.

你不必和我讨论这件事。

【注意】

discuss一般不直接跟动词不定式作宾语，但可跟“疑问词+动词不定式”结构或从句。例如：

They are discussing how to do it.

他们在讨论该怎么做这件事。

We discussed when we should leave.

我们商量了该什么时候动身。

【拓展】

argue与discuss的辨析

(1) argue着重于自己的看法、立场，提出论据，以理说服他人。例如：

There is no need arguing about the matter. 不必就此事辩论了。

(2) discuss重在交换意见，进行讨论，不含有说服对方的成分。例如：

We’re going to discuss the question. 我们打算讨论这个问题。

浅谈德国收入和支出，以及社会福利

Vol.1

德国的收入和支出

德国作为世界第四，欧洲第一的经济大国，素来以"高税收，高福利"闻名。那么，所谓的"高税收，高福利"到底是指什么 另外，德国的收入和生活成本和国内相比，是不是只是汇率的差别呢

根据destatis 的数据(德国官方网站）， 2019年德国家庭平均税后收入为5167欧/月，支出为3543欧/月，每月结余为1624欧。其中，住房支出大约为35%，日常饮食开销大约为14%，其他的包括与孩子有关的支出，交通费，通讯费，以及娱乐费用等。

德国单身人士平均税后收入大概是2671欧/月，支出也相应减少, 约为1695欧/月，每月结余为976欧。

以上为均为平均收入和支出，但是，考虑到地理位置，夫妻双方的教育程度和工作，家庭收入也存在一定的差距，相应的，支出也会不同，比如在莱比锡可能500-600欧就可以租到的公寓，但是在慕尼黑，同样的位置可能就需要花上2到3倍的价格。

此外，据统计，大约63%的德国全职者低于平均工资，仅有1/3的人收入是高于平均工资。行业对工资的影响也很大，一般从事能源，汽车，信息工程，金融和保险类的，税前工资平均为5200欧/月（单身一级税率税后3150欧），相对而言，一些从事蓝领工作的Gastgewerbe则大多数属于低收入者，税前平均工资大约为2050欧/月（单身一级税率税后1461欧），两者税后相差大约为1700欧。

另外值得一提的就是，德国的房价，除了慕尼黑，其他城市都比国内一线房价低得多。由于存款利息为0，相应的贷款利息也很低，现在大约为1%。当然，取决于贷款年份和房子的新旧，贷款利息会有所浮动。

总得来说，德国并没有很多百万收入的人（RMB为计量单位），但是，生活成本也没有太高。近几年，德国的通货膨胀率一直维持在2.5%左右，而消费指数为1.4%。

Vol.2

解密德国的“高税收，高福利”

对于平均工资以下的63%的人口，尤其对于低收入者，每个月的结余并不多。但是，这并不意味着他们生活就艰难了。

这就是德国所谓的"高福利，高税收"了。德国对于单身人士的税率和社会保险金尤其高，大约为税前工资的35%-40%。按照毛收入为4000欧/月的收入来看，收入税为657欧（16.5%），然后是各项社会保险金：退休保险，失业保险，医疗保险，护理保险，总计为809欧（20%）。有些人还需要另外支付教会费等。

有孩子的家庭或个人不仅可以得到补助和津贴，而且税率也会大大减少。所以很多单身人士认为是自己的钱去帮其他家庭养孩子了。那么，除此之外，这些社会保险金保障了哪些方面

退休保险金：

退休保险，我认为，是德国最大的问题。除了公务员，其他从业者的收入在退休后都会大大缩水。这个话题我在另外一篇文中有提到，这里就不再详细说了。有兴趣的可以回顾 围城：中国和德国

失业保险金：

失业保险金分为I类和II类。I类为解除了雇佣关系后3个月内需申报领取。条件是参加法定失业保险，并且在申请的最近2年保险费累计12个月，季节性行业的雇员要求申请失业的最近2年失业保险费累计6个月。

I类失业金税后(扣除个人所得税及社会、医疗保险)约为你失业前12个月平均税后工资的60%(1级或4级税率)，如果有一个孩子约为67%，如果是拿3级税率则是80%

（资料 Federal Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs，“Social Security at Glance 2008—Basic Security Benefit for Job-seekers”，2008.）

依据法律规定，所有15—64岁，有工作意愿和能力，但无法用收入和资产维系自己和家人基本生活的个人及其家属都有资格得到失业救济金Ⅱ和配套的社会救助服务，其中也包括很多领完I类失业金却依旧没有找到工作的人。II类失业金更像是一种社会补助金了。满足的条件大致是至少在过去的1年中工作了150天，或者在过去几年里，有一年身份为雇员的。

（资料 Federal Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs，“Social Security at Glance 2008—Basic Security Benefit for Job-seekers”，2008.）

I类失业金最长只能领取12个月，其中，还需要积极配合政府安排的帮助就业的各种培训，如果拒绝配合，就有被取消失业金的风险。I类领完后，可以继续申请II类，但是，II类失业金是远远不可能覆盖日常开销的。所以，在西方国家，不工作光靠领失业金就可以生活得不错，只是一个谣传。

医疗保险金

医疗保险制度的确是高福利的体现，这里仅指公费医疗。它的体现是用年轻人的保险金去支付老年人的医疗费。月薪为4000欧的单身人士，一个月支付318欧的医疗费用。这个也是强制保险。有个这个保险，去看病就不需要支付任何就诊费用。但是，还是需要付一定的医药费的。

德国的处方分为粉红色，蓝色，绿色，黄色或白色。参加公费保险的人一般会得到粉红色的处方药和绿色的非处方药。粉红色的处方药一般病人只需要支付部分药费（5-10欧）或者不需要支付。绿色的非处方药，病人则需要支付全部医药费，大约5-20欧不等。然后，病人将这些处方单寄回保险公司，可以得到部分药费的返回，也可以退税。

图：绿色处方

值得注意的是，一些非常昂贵的药，比如”我是药神“里的瑞士进口药，在德国，病人也只需要支付十几欧或几十欧的医药费。

尽管药费需要个人承担部分，但是所有的门诊费用，检查费用，器材费用，手术费用均是免费的。年轻人很少生病，但是，一旦到老年时期，好处就显现了。我邻居90多岁的老人，在去年夏天，每2周被救护车接到医院去抢救，所有抢救产生的费用全部由保险公司支付。

当然，人们对德国医疗制度也有很多怨言，主要是去看病需要预约，一般预约可能需要等待很长时间，眼科和牙科多数需要另外保险，以及医生用药太过保守等等。

护理保险金

护理保险，是保险公司或者国家为因年老、疾病或伤残而需要照料的被保险人提供上门护理、社区护理、护理机构护理、医院护理等护理服务、或者直接赔给一定金额的护理服务保险金的保险形式。

这种保险尤其给独居老人提供了个人独立生活的可能性。就我邻居的例子，他的子女每周驱车来看到一次，平时因为工作原因无法兼顾照顾他。他的大儿子和我聊天时说明了原因，因为这个公寓是他从小长大的公寓，所以他不愿意离开，既不肯和子女一同住，更不愿意进养老院。

因此，每隔一到两天，就会有人上门照顾他的起居，打扫卫生等。除此之外，考虑到上下楼会比较累，通过他的家庭医生建议和邻居的同意，政府给他搭了一个个人自动扶梯。他可高兴啦，上次在走道上遇见他，他还兴高采烈地向我展示怎么用。而这些费用都是由护理费里支出。

图:自动扶梯

其他的一些主要社会福利为:

生育福利：

德国生育假一共14周：分娩前6周、分娩后8周。这段时间孕妇是带薪休产假，这14周的薪资是休产假前13周的平均税后时薪，公保会支付13欧/天，剩下的部分由雇主补上。

产后的8周-12个月内：女性职工的收入由医疗保险机构和用人单位共同保障，产妇可以领取薪水65%，最高不超过1800欧元/月。

生育后的3年内，父母双方都有权利要求停职育儿，而公司必须要保留职位。很多人会选择回到公司上班，但是可以要求公司允许一周仅工作30小时。

育儿福利：

儿童补贴金是按月领取的。第一、二个孩子204欧元，第三个孩子210欧，第四个孩子235欧。每个孩子都可以拿到18岁，18岁以后如果要继续读书，可以拿到25岁，如果没读书也没找到工作，可以拿到21岁。

如果申请人在宝宝出生前没有工作，则宝宝出生后每个月可以拿到300欧的基础家长金(Basiselterngeld)。此外，如果生的孩子为多胞胎的话，每多一个孩子每月增加300欧补助。

德国3岁后可以选择进幼儿园，幼儿园是收费的，3岁以下可以送日托，日托也收费，但是，一般情况下，儿童金可以支付幼儿园的费用，只多不少。

免费教育：

这个就没什么可以多说了，德国大多数州都是实行免费教育从小学到研究生。德国的博士和博后多半是有工资的人。

Vol.5

后记

就我在德国生活了快三年的感受是，德国是一个社会平均主义国家。

平均主义：

很多穷人收入低，保险金低，退休后工资也低，但是，并不用担心自己会没地方住，自己会饿死，或者生病看不了。到时候，总会有各方面的社会救助工作维持他们的生活，虽然，生活质量是没有的。

2016年，德国流浪汉数字攀升至86万。在这86万人中，有44万人是难民。这些人包括没有栖身之所、露宿街头的人，也包括了寄人篱下的人、住收容所的人和难民营中的避难者。德国联邦无家可归者救济工作小组（BAG）会对他们提供必须地帮助。

相对而言，政府对有钱人的征税就很高，因此导致一些有钱人为了避税，会去其他赋税低的国家，或者直接换国籍。

德国女性：

和北欧国家相比，德国女性参政的比例并不高。以前看过一个访谈节目关于对默克尔连任的看法如何，其中一个女政员讽刺地表示:好像其他人认为光靠默克尔一人就可以弥补十几年来德国政界男女比例失调一样。

但是，事实上，我遇到很多德国女性，对政界根本不感兴趣，也没有野心想出人头地。我在学校里遇到的年轻女孩，有很多表示为了兴趣而工作是最幸福的，比如教师，研究员等。近一半表示和相爱的人组织家庭，相夫教子是最幸福的。不得不说，她们的解答曾经令我大跌眼镜。

德国政府为了鼓励女性进入管理层做了多项努力。比如2015年，德国采取了强制性的监事会性别配额制。现在大公司的非执行董事会职位中，女性占36%。 我在宝马工作的朋友也表示，如果是女性且德语流利，实习后获得聘用的可能性非常高，远远高于男性。但是，尽管如此，求职者中的男性比例还是远远高于女性。

虽然我可以明白，一些女性因为税收和请人工费用高的问题会在婚后选择做家庭妇女（一般情况下男方的工资比较高）。但是，我没有想到，作为西方发展国家的德国，竟然有那么多女性的想法那么传统。

一部分原因，应该是德国法律对家庭妇女提供了一定的保障。德国承认家庭妇女对家庭的贡献高于男性，因此，如果离婚，多半是女性会获得小孩的抚养权。旧的婚姻法规定，离婚后，男方需要支付女方赡养费直至她再婚。这明显对男方是非常不公平的，因为，有很多女性就算同居，也不愿再婚，就是为了领前夫的赡养费。新的婚姻法废除了这条，改为，如果家庭妇女没有工作，男方需要支付失业赡养费直至女方再次工作。期间，当地政府为提供一系列的培训，以帮助妇女尽快回到工作岗位。

而另一方面，是因为这个社会对家庭妇女是充满尊敬的，并且没有人会否认家庭妇女对家庭的贡献是一种对自己职业生涯的牺牲。

时间长了，我开始理解，这又何尝不是一种社会的宽容。它容许想躺平的人躺平，想奋斗的人奋斗。期间，我也见到男方放弃工作，做家庭妇男的，虽然比例不多，但是，也没有人会因此侧目。也许，一开始我认为的自由，是男女平等，但是，现在，我认为的自由，是每个人在遵纪守法地情况下可以自由做出任何关于她或者他自己的人生选择，而不必去勉强自己去符合其他人的人生标准。

（ 另外一种生活

火到没边的村超，为何同时圈粉球迷和职业球员

现代足球诞生至今，从未有乡村足球赛事火过顶级职业联赛的先例，但2023年夏天的贵州榕江，做到了。

截至6月27日，“村超”全平台点击量超过200亿次，单场最高上座人数突破8万人。仅端午节3天，就接待游客超过35万人次，旅游收入达到4.44亿元。

200亿和8万分别是什么概念 前者轻松碾压中国各级职业联赛+国家队同期关注度，连欧冠决赛也不是对手；而去年12月世界杯决赛上座人数，也“只有”88966人，比村超多出8000余人而已。

但比空前火爆更让人惊讶的，是诸多专业人士都“屈尊纡贵”，携手“村超”：前国足队长范志毅率领果洛藏族联队与村超代表队切磋，2001金球奖得主迈克尔·欧文亲自拍摄视频大力夸赞，前外交部发言人华春莹和驻外使馆化身“自来水”，在社交媒体账户上持续推介，而镜头转到场边，现场解说的居然是淡出欧洲联赛解说多年的韩乔生……

邻村业余球队的寻常约战，竟成了全球热点，“村超”到底有什么魔力，能让职业球员和球迷一边倒点赞

因为纯粹，更因热爱

“现阶段的‘村超’是最好的村超，我希望（村超）还是在1.5踩住，不要升级到2.0版本的好，因为它很纯粹。”

尽管顶着亚洲足球先生和前国足队长等多个光环，但在人山人海的村超面前，直言被“震撼到了”的范志毅，还是道出了对村超的偏爱——无他，纯粹。

在短视频平台上，数次被Cue中超的村超，无疑是“别人家的孩子”，但与此前爆火的“村BA”相似，村超的起点，仍是当地浓郁的足球氛围。

多年来，有关中国“足球城”的争论，大连、广州和青岛都曾各执一词。但如果评选“足球县”，榕江显然当仁不让，榕江县县长徐勃介绍，全县38.5万人口里，有接近5万人会踢足球、喜欢踢足球。而以“村超”举办至今的参与热度尤其是上座人数，徐县长显然保守了。

村超的出现，实则是八个字：念念不忘，必有回响。

尽管在中国足球版图上，贵州始终是“小透明”，迄今最著名的职业球员，也不过黎兵、汪嵩等寥寥几人，但这并不妨碍榕江人对足球始终如一的热爱。

早在上世纪90年代，就有村民在榕江县城河边的草地上踢球。后来，河边有一片农田被洪水冲毁后废弃，当地村民便铲平土地，拔掉杂草，砍下树枝做成球门，再用石灰粉画线，“自制”成一个简易的露天足球场就开始比赛，这是最初的“村超”模样，最热闹的那一年，有15支球队参赛，场边围满了当地群众。

此后，“村超”便一直被保留下来，持续到现在。

而在全新版村超诞生之前，榕江更经历了一系列卧薪尝胆，从2021年底至今，榕江当地先后打造了5次体育IP，但结果都不尽人意：从当地颇有群众基础的斗牛，到效仿台江“村BA”的“大山里的CBA篮球邀请赛”，再到苗族鼓藏节、半程马拉松+民间祭萨，虽然花了不少心思，反响却着实平平。

屡次碰壁之后，榕江将眼光重新投向最有群众基础、历史渊源也最为悠久的足球，而在总结历次体育赛事举办经验教训基础上，此次的“村超”，不但有榕江卷粉和烧烤等美食助阵，侗族大歌、苗族芦笙舞、拦门酒等民族风情，也令村超火出了圈。

当所有人都在为同一件事认真努力时，想不成功，都难。

快乐拉满，何须职业

回到全民围观村超的原点，我们看村超，是为了什么

除去看球最原始的快乐，“归属感”恐怕是村超圈粉的独特魅力所在。

尽管中国足球职业化已近30年，但职业联赛与球迷之间的距离，却并未被明显缩短。一个再鲜明不过的事实是，从甲A到中超，顶级联赛球队始终和大城市高度绑定，而对于三四线城市球迷而言，在家门口看到职业联赛，是可望而不可即的奢侈。久而久之，要么成为其他球队拥趸，要么对足球的兴趣日渐冷落。

而即便是那些曾拥有过职业球队的城市，也往往是缘分有限，来了就散。30年来，能驻守创始地的职业球队屈指可数，迁徙、更名、换壳乃至消亡，才是多数中小球队相似的宿命——一言以蔽之，多数的中国球迷，都缺少同气连枝、荣辱与共的“真”主队。

而在中超、中甲、中乙之下，已是职业和业余赛事分水岭的中冠，近年来始终采取赛会制，除去东道主，多数球迷想要为主队加油助威，只能随队远征。这无形中又拉远了球迷和球队、球场之间的距离。

村超，弥补的恰恰是球迷久违的“乡情”。

看上去，村超的参赛队代表的只是一村、一乡、一镇，但球队和所在地之间浓厚的乡情，让他们有了朴素但坚强的后盾。

而在本地球迷之外，众多关注村超的“中立球迷”，对村超的偏爱，正如前段时间同样火爆的淄博烧烤。

来淄博吃烧烤，吃的不仅是美食，还有当地的热情好客和童叟无欺；

来榕江看村超，图的不是激烈场面和精彩进球，而是足球的起点和本源——只要有块地就能开踢的足球，才是真正的平民运动。

“村”下去，又如何

成功爆火之后，村超会否向逐渐回归常态的淄博烧烤一样，在没有记忆的互联网逐渐淡出，甚至消失

在这一点上，身为欧洲最著名的“农民联赛”——德国各级足球联赛，或许是村超进化的终极模式。

众所周知，欧洲五大联赛中，德国的职业级别（2个，德甲与德乙）和职业球队数量（36支），都是垫底的存在。但与狭小的金字塔尖相形的，是德国足球庞大的群众基础——早在2017年，德国各级足协注册球员人数在全欧洲首次突破700万人，这也意味着每12个德国人里，就有1名球员。

和云集精英的职业联赛不同，德国部分州的业余赛事级别高达13-14个，各种水平的球员，都可以找到适合自己的球队与比赛。每逢周末，大小足球场地上人头攒动，是德国业余球员再熟悉不过的日常，部分中国专业队时代的遗珠、留学生和德企员工，都在业余联赛中找到了自己的位置。

早在去年夏天，德国有超过36.4万人在足协旗下各州足协注册为球员（包括男足和女足），创造近6年新高。而德国足协下辖的21个州足协和389个区足协，容纳了26000多家俱乐部，以及业余时间在绿茵场上奔飞驰骋、主业却是学生、送奶工、邮递员、建筑工人、程序员的大批足球爱好者。

当然，“农民联赛”这个恶意满满的绰号，让不少德国职业足球从业人员格外不爽，前拜仁董事会主席卡恩更曾直言：“我再也不希望英格兰媒体管我们叫‘农民联赛’。”但恰恰是在这个接地气的“农民联赛”之上，孕育了欧足联排名第三的德甲，以及常年雄踞一线之列的男女足国家队。

而在西班牙，类似“村超”的业余联赛，也走出了职业联赛的大神人物：身为上赛季布鲁日队的头号射手，胡格特拉在进入巴萨一队之前，常年在加泰罗尼亚地区联赛的圣朱利亚·德维拉托塔队混迹，而这支球队所在的不过是当地联赛的第三级别，在整个西班牙足球联赛体系中，则是看不到顶的第八级。

可见，哪怕是再草根、再平庸的业余赛事，也不乏能脱颖而出的才俊。而倘若能以村超为起点，让有志于足球的青少年参与 件、群众基础的县、市、省，“抄作业”的难度并不高，唯一的阻力，或许只是想不想干，敢不敢干。

那时，短视频平台上村超“拯救中国足球”的观点，或许真能行得通。

本文系特约供稿，

仰卧撑体育签约作者

排 版 | 体坛刘伯温

校 审 | 编辑部全体

监制丨花酱

审签 | 灵均

今日话题您认为村超为什么会如此火爆

（请直接在评论区留言）

2019新人教版必修13选修14语境记单词

2019新人教版必修1-3选修1-4语境记单词

必修第一册语境记单词

WELCOME UNIT

1 In order to exchange ideas，our school has organised a lecture to be held on campus. If you want to attend the lecture，you need to register your personal information by filling in the formal registration form which is specially designed by our designer. You need to fill in your name，sex（male or female），age and nationality. Exchange students are also welcome，but they must state which nation they come from.

2 Bob graduated from junior high school，and now he is a senior high school student. This guy has become my best partner. He is always anxious to explore new things. He has an outgoing personality and is curious to make a good impression on everyone. He is a very confident student and will never be frightened by difficulties. I am really impressed with his confidence. In class，he concentrates on listening to the teacher. Sometimes，he makes you feel awkward and even annoys you. What if he makes you annoyed? I’ll have to leave him alone at last.

3 My partner Carl likes to take notes on flash cards and is curious to improve his spoken English. He has an outgoing personality，looking forward to organising a spoken English contest. However，he believes that he should revise his learning strategy and life style. His goal is to get a good job in a company or organisation.

UNIT 1 TEENAGE LIFE

1 Teenage life is rich and colourful. Some teenagers prefer to do volunteer work，while others prefer extra-curricular activities. Their content is to organise debates，study ballet movements，clean up the greenhouses， and so on. But more people sign up for advanced courses suitable for their taste. Actually，I prefer literature to all these.

2 Actually，youth life is also full of opportunities and challenges. As freshmen，there are some problems that confuse us，that is， we are confused by some confusing problems. We go to college after graduating from senior high school. We must quit some bad habits and adapt to the new school life. There are more extra-curricular activities in university for us to sign up for. We have the responsibility to become useful talents for the country and should be responsible for mankind. With the advance of society， we should learn advanced scientific knowledge and speak fluent foreign languages. According to the schedule，we are going to study Chinese literature this term. I’ve written to an editor for help. He recommends that we should choose a good research topic and a paper title. Obviously，he will provide us with a good solution.

3 Youth life is filled with adventure. Young people feel that there is a generation gap between themselves and adults. They are attracted to new things，and addicted to the Internet. Their behaviours are quite different from those of adults. They focus on the modern lifestyle. Experts recommend that young people not only take risks but also learn survival ways.

UNIT 2 TRAVELLING AROUND

1 Tian Hua is making arrangements for a trip abroad. She is going to visit the Old Castle in Spain. She has applied for a visa. She has also rented some outdoor clothes and packed them. She thinks it is an extremely amazing trip. She will feel amazed whenever she thinks of those amazing tourist spots. Other than the Old Castle in Spain，she will visit the Eiffel Tower in France，Disneyland in the United States，the Amazon rainforest in Brazil and Lake Titicaca in South America. But her destination is the site of the ruins of the Inca Empire in Peru. There she can feel the ancient civilisation of mankind. Tian Hua plans first to hike along the country path， and then travel by any type of transport，and at last take an international flight. She will carry her package，credit cards and a travel brochure with her.

2 Once a tourist who went on a package tour lost contact with his group，which was made up of twelve people. He followed the narrow flat path to the source of a river. He admired the beautiful view so much that he could not take control of himself. He saw some soldiers over there unearthing a tomb. Buried in it was an ancient emperor，who once ruled a powerful empire. The traveller was amazed at the unique architecture designed by ancient architects. Not recognising his way back，he requested a local official to help find accommodation.

3 Once I went on a package tour. The guide explained to us the details of the tour. At his request，we checked in at a hotel and checked out a week later. I paid by credit card. We were attracted to the amazing view in the mountains. There we saw some soldiers unearthing a tomb next to a statue. We were all amazed at the sight. The tour guide introduced to us the local economic development，and at last he commented that tourism had brought great benefits to the economy.

UNIT 3　SPORTS AND FITNESS

1 As an athlete，Richard prefers all kinds of sports，such as soccer， boxing，badminton，skiing，and track and field sports like marathon and jogging. However，he is particularly good at gymnastics. He has won championships in sports events hosted by many countries and cities. He usually comes along with his coach and works out for his fitness in the gym or stadium，sweating a lot. He has made it.

2 The athlete is a legend in the sports world. He has won not only medals for himself，but also honour and glory for his country. He never gives up training even if he is injured. Meeting with failure， he will face it bravely rather than lose heart. Now and then，he feels as if he is about to fall apart，but he holds on to the end. Once， he took part in the gymnastics championship to compete with the world’s gymnastics masters. In spite of his leg injuries，he had the determination to become the champion. Encouraged by his captain， he gathered all his strength and finally made it. No sweet without sweat. He sets a positive example for all the athletes.

3 As an athlete，I’ve faced an audience of millions over the years. When competing with other players，even if I fail，I have a positive attitude to face it rather than lose heart. I have recently gained some weight and I feel under stress. So I go on a diet with determination and try to keep slim and graceful. I know that doing exercise and dieting will make a difference to one’s fitness. I do push-ups every day，and never cut it out. Now and then I go jogging. I think it makes sense to do so. My health has improved a lot compared with the past. In addition，I have always been against cheating in sports，against pretending to fall，and I have tried to avoid errors in matches.

UNIT 4　 NATURAL DISASTERS

1 Today，natural disasters，such as floods，droughts，landslides， typhoons，hurricanes，tornados and tsunamis，often strike towns and villages，causing human injuries and deaths or great damage to people’s property. The relatively more dangerous of them is the volcanic eruption. Its great power can damage farms，destroy houses，affecting people’s life greatly. Once，an earthquake of great magnitude occurred. The government immediately organised rescue teams to evacuate people，taking them to shelters. The helicopters delivered all kinds of supplies to them.

2 A big earthquake struck the city and everyone was shocked. Ninety percent of the buildings lay in ruins，metal pipes and water taps cracked，and bricks covered the ground. Many people were trapped or buried in ruins and suffered a great deal. They were in shock. There was neither electricity nor water. It seemed as if the world were at an end. The government immediately organised rescue teams to help the trapped and bury the dead. The PLA also came to their rescue. Thanks to their unified efforts and wisdom， the city began to breathe and revive.

3 Active volcanoes can erupt at any time. Typhoons and hurricanes strike coastal areas now and then，destroying farmlands and cutting off power supplies. The great waves of a tsunami crash against the beach and sweep away crops. Metal pipes and water taps are cracked. At this time，people should not stay in the open air. It is better to have a first aid kit on hand. Relief supplies will be delivered to those who survive. In summary，people should remain calm in an emergency. Experts say the damage effect of a disaster depends on its length.

UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD

1 How many billion people speak the UN’s official languages as their native or second language? What’s your attitude towards this? What I refer to is that you should provide more information for reference.

2 This semester，my major course is to study the development of language and the change of its vocabulary. As we know， language is a means of communication and plays an important role in global affairs. No matter what their social system is，language is regarded as a symbol of the ups and downs of a nation. Some languages like Chinese date back to the earliest dynasties，with symbols and characters carved on bones and shells. The change of language is based on a variety of factors. Despite all this，the social system and civilisation are the major factors. In addition，I appreciate Chinese calligraphy and Chinese classics very much， which are also my specific research programs.

3 Tom is a native of England and English is his native language. But he often speaks the local dialect. He knows there are some differences in vocabulary between BrE and AmE. For example，the American English words “subway” “gas” “pants” and “apartment” are “ underground” “petrol” “trousers” and “flat” in British English. Each nation has its own tongue. But in my point of view，the change of language relates to the different social systems. Nowadays，people demand peace，struggle for equal rights and try to bridge the gap between languages. I have a lot more to say about language，but some affairs are beyond description.

必修第一册语境记单词中文版

WELCOME UNIT

1 为了交流思想，我们学校组织了一次讲座，将在校园里举行。如果你想参加讲座，你需要填写我们设计师专门设计的正式 登记表，以注册你的个人信息。你需要填写你的姓名、性别（男性或女性）、年龄和国籍。也欢迎交换生参加 （ 本次讲座），但他们必须说明他们来自哪个 国家。

2 鲍勃初中毕业了，现在是一名高中生。这个小伙子成了我最好的搭档。他总是急于 探索新事物。他性格 开朗，渴望给大家留下好印象。他是一个非常自信的学生，决不会被困难吓倒。他的自信给我留下了深刻的印象。在课堂上，他全神贯注地听老师讲课。有时候，他会让你觉得尴尬，甚至让你很恼火。如果他让你生气了该怎么办 最后我只好不理睬他。

3 我的搭档卡尔喜欢在教学卡片上做笔记，渴望提高自己的英语口语。他性格 外向，期待着 组织一次英语口语比赛。不过，他认为他应该改变自己的学习策略和生活方式。他的目标是在公司或机构里找到一份好工作。

UNIT 1 TEENAGE LIFE

1 青少年的生活丰富多彩。一些青少年 喜欢做志愿者工作，而另一些喜欢 课外活动。它们的内容是组织辩论，学习芭蕾舞 动作，清扫 温室，等等。但 河流的源头。他如此欣赏这里美丽的景色，以至于无法控制自己。他看见一些士兵在那边挖掘一座坟墓，里面埋葬着的是一位古代皇帝，他曾经统治过一个强大的 帝国。这位游客对古代建筑师设计的独特 建筑 感到惊奇。由于认不出自己回去的路，他请求当地一位官员帮忙找住处。

3 有一次我跟团旅游。导游给我们讲解了旅游的详情。在他的要求下，我们在一家旅馆登记入住，一周后结账离开。我使用信用卡付账。我们喜爱山上那令人惊叹的 景色。在那里，我们看到一些士兵在一尊雕像旁边挖掘一座坟墓。我们都对这一景象 感到惊奇。导游向我们介绍了当地的经济发展情况，他最后评论说，旅游业给当地经济带来了巨大的效益。

UNIT 3　SPORTS AND FITNESS

1作为一名运动员，理查德更喜欢各种体育运动，如足球、拳击、羽毛球、滑雪和田径运动， 如马拉松和慢跑。然而，他尤其擅长体操。他在许多国家和城市举办的体育赛事中获得了冠军。他通常跟随他的教练去健身房或体育场 锻炼身体，出大量的汗。他已经获得成功了。

2

这位运动员是体育界的传奇人物。他不仅为自己赢得了奖章，也为祖国赢得了荣誉和赞美。即使 受伤，他也从不放弃训练。遇到失败时， 他会勇敢地面对而不是 丧失信心。有时，他觉得自己似乎要崩溃了，但他还是坚持到底。 有一次，他参加了体操 锦标赛，与世界体操高手 竞争。尽管他的腿受了损伤，他还是有决心成为冠军。在队长的鼓励下，他竭尽全部力量，最终获得成功。汗水换来了甜蜜。他为所有运动员 树立了一个 积极的 榜样。

3

作为一名运动员，多年来我面对的观众数以百万计。在与其他选手竞争时，即使失败， 我也以积极的态度去面对，而不是 丧失信心。最近，我的体重有所增加，我感到有压力。所以我决心 节食，尽量保持苗条和优美。我知道运动和节食对一个人的健康 有 影响。我每天都做俯卧撑，从不间断。我有时去慢跑。我认为这样做是有意义的。与过去比较，我的健康状况有了很大的改善。此外，我一直反对在体育运动中作弊，反对假摔，并且我尽量避免在比赛中出现失误。

UNIT 4　 NATURAL DISASTERS

1

如今，洪水、旱灾、滑坡、台风、飓风、龙卷风和海啸等自然灾害经常袭击城镇和村庄，造成人员伤亡或给人民财产造成重大损害。其中相对更危险的是火山爆发。它的巨大威力可以破坏农场，毁坏房屋，极大地影响人们的生活。有一次，发生了一次震级很大的地震。政府立即组织救援队疏散民众，将他们送往避难所。直升机给他们运送各种物资。

2

一场大地震袭击了这座城市，人人都感到震惊。百分之九十的建筑物被夷为平地，金属 管道和水龙头 破裂，砖块覆盖着地面。许多人被困或被埋在废墟中，遭受了巨大的痛苦，他们处于极度震惊状态。既没有电，也没有水，世界似乎已经到了尽头。政府立即组织救援队帮助被困人员，掩埋死者。人民解放军也前来救援。多亏了他们的共同 努力和智慧，这个城市开始呼吸和复苏了。

3

活火山随时可能喷发。台风和飓风不时袭击沿海地区，毁坏农田，切断电力 供应。海啸的巨浪 冲击着海滩，席卷庄稼。金属 管道和水龙头 破裂。此时，人们不应该待在户外。最好手边有一个急救箱。救援物资将被送到 幸存者手中。总之，在紧急情况下人们应该保持冷静。专家说，灾难的破坏 效果取决于它持续的长度。

UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD

1

有几十亿人把联合国的官方语言作为他们的母语或第二语言 你对此持什么看法 我指的是你应该提供 、奶酪和毒蘑菇。这些蘑菇含有致命的毒素。一些居民包裹好整洁的衣服和其他日用品, 把它们和建筑 材料及配件一起装上卡车。他们肯定要去一个新的地方定居下来。孩子们不忘带上他们的日记、图表、爵士音乐盒、漫画和涂鸦。除此之外, 他们还挑选了一些适合自己品位的超级收藏品。

要成为一名宇航员, 你必须经过严格的选拔程序。你需要大量的心理、智力和体能训练。此外, 你不仅应该了解宇宙、太阳系和我们的地球, 还应该懂得火箭、卫星、航天器、重力等知识。最后, 宇航员必须有坚定的意志和取得成功的强烈愿望。宇宙飞船发射后, 确保它在正确的轨道上运行。飞船上的宇航员有很多任务要完成。他必须能够独立地完成太空行走, 以便将数据传送到地球上的相关机构。

汤姆牢记那句名言“对一个人来说那是一小步, 对人类来说却是一大 步”。于是他热衷于探索宇宙的奥秘。曾经有一次在太空进行虚拟训练, 汤姆登上了一辆名叫玉兔的月球车, 希望能探索最后的边界。航天器上有一台微波炉、一部智能手机、一个枕头、一只氧气瓶、一些肥皂、毛巾、纸巾和其他为他提供的设施。宇宙飞船进入轨道后, 监视器定期发出信号。当他就要完成正在进行的任务时, 由于缺乏足够的训练, 他开始在太空舱里漂浮, 他的肌肉也开始疼痛。幸运的是, 他被紧紧地绑在飞船上, 否则, 他将漂浮在飞船之外。但当他发现自己有限的 资源即将耗尽时, 他感到很失望。他想弄清楚这些资源是否可以循环利用。通过分析, 汤姆认为目前致命的错误是缺乏高端设施, 这导致太空训练失败。结果, 他不得不发信号求救。

金钱是幸福生活的基础吗 我们应该根据人们有多少钱来评价他们吗 这是戏剧《百万英镑》中的一场。我喜欢各种各样的戏剧, 包括歌剧和音乐剧。我曾经在一出戏里扮演恐龙的角色, 得到了许多观众的拥抱。这次我想当一名叙述者, 用叙述的方式讲述这个故事。故事情节或要点若有遗漏, 我乐意道歉。罗德里克和奥利弗两兄弟打赌, 如果一个身无分文的人得到一张100万英镑的钞票, 会发生什么事。他们偶然看到一个衣衫褴褛的年轻人在他们家附近徘徊, 于是让仆人把他叫了进来。他们认为他就是他们想要的那种人选。那个年轻人在海上遇到了风暴, 被一艘驶往英国的轮船发现了。事实上, 他是为美国矿业公司工作的一位商人。在伦敦, 他无处可去, 只能到领事馆向大使求助, 但失败了, 不敢再试。兄弟俩问了他许多奇怪的问题, 他似乎失去了耐心。老实说, 他确实太饿了, 应该上路了。就在他正要离开时, 兄弟俩拦住他, 给了他一个大信封, 以防他将来之需。他们要求他许诺推迟到两点才把信封打开。

俗话说, 金钱是善仆, 也是恶主。追求金钱不会带来幸福。一系列的事件在很大程度上将表明金钱买不到幸福。最终, 任何奇怪的意图都不会实现, 不会有任何回报。一天, 亨利看到一个裁缝店的招牌。他停了下来, 犹豫着是否要进来。值班店员有义务立刻迎接他, 但他却皱起眉头, 粗鲁地说了些什么, 然后让亨利到楼下去, 地板下面有一间成衣房。几乎所有的店员都不理睬他。后来, 听说亨利有一张百万英镑的钞票, 店主把店员推到旁边, 满面笑容地走了过来。他以为亨利属于上流社会, 所以想和他保持良好的关系。既然那样, 他为亨利提供了多种选择。在他的允许下亨利没有付款就选购了一件。店主认为这很正常。

选择性必修第一册·人教版·语境记单词

UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT

1 Tu Youyou is awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine because she has discovered artemisinin，a crucial drug for malaria.In fact，artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria. After graduating from university，Tu Youyou worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She committed herself to the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria. She and her scientific research team tried to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease. They evaluated 280，000 plants and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments. Tu’s team tried boiling fresh wormwood，and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria，but this did not work.Tu Youyou wouldn’t acknowledge defeat. She insisted on analysing the medical texts again and drew a conclusion that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. By using a lower temperature to draw out the extract，she discovered the effective substance. Artemisinin，like penicillin，has stood up to clinical tests，just as other products or devices can stand wear and tear.

2 The difference between a novelist and a professor is that the former mostly uses his extraordinary creative genius to inspire people’s passion by writing novels，while the latter pays more attention to academic research. A politician wants to found his own theories and tries to come to power. A scientist hopes to make remarkable achievements and have more inventions and patents. Take Albert Einstein for example. He made numerous contributions to the world，the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc 2. He earned a doctorate in physics in 1905 and gradually became famous as the new Isaac Newton. Circumstances changed in 1933，when Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein，who was Jewish，found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. As a consequence，he had to flee Germany. He finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton，USA. Einstein was not only a genius，but also a very gentle man. He had a thick moustache and long white hair. Despite his peculiarities，he was loved by his friends and neighbours whom he encountered. Now let’s complete this flow chart to infer his further achievements. You can also write a draft to sum up Einstein’s life.

UNIT 2 LOOKING INTO THE FUTURE

1 I have to persuade myself to use these words and phrases to describe my daily routine in the future.If I forget to switch off my electrical appliances like my air conditioners and I’m in a distant place，my integrated sensors in my smart home system will do it for me instead of remote controls and automatic knobs. These sensors are very

efficient and give instant commands. The home system will obey and give constant warnings until the appliances enter the safety mode. This will keep my home secure. In addition，my smart home can warn me early on if there is something abnormal or if I have a critical illness，such as cancer，and potentially save my life. If the electrical wire starts leaking electricity，my smart home will detect it and provide me with the relevant information. In this sense，I will fix the problem before my home catches fire. Nevertheless，this smart technology

is not a fantasy. Many of these innovations are already available and being used in some homes.

2 Artificial intelligence can be used to guard against potential crimes and gain a sense of security.For example，the librarian advocates combining monitors into the structure of the library building.Hence，no one is opposed to this suggestion. They are a necessity，but not a luxury. Now let’s change the subject，and talk about our future occupations and careers. We should learn to predict or make a prediction about the future，because we can’t resist the development of society. So we must keep in touch with the latest technology，and place emphasis on these new technologies，such as cloning，nanobots and satellite weather forecast. Each of us is required to write an essay with several paragraphs to give an accurate description of our future careers. I think the prospect of rural

development is very attractive. There can’t be an absence of rural talents. My preference is farming. Even if I encounter resistance，I will never cease to go and work there.

UNIT 3　FASCINATING PARKS

1 A group of journalists set out for the polar area. They came to a fascinating valley near the boundary，where they would camp. The north wind was buffeting the cloth of their tent. At the edge of the valley，they found a small cottage. A visible glacier from the top of the mountain flowed through the valley. The vast territory stretched as far as the eye could see. A lot of reindeer were on the move，accompanied by some local people to prevent leopards from hurting them. Hunting was banned here. All the journalists felt really blessed to be in such a beautiful place. Nevertheless，there was only one unpleasant thing. A woman journalist had a cold and sneezed all the time. The cream she had put in the teapot turned sour，too. She turned the teapot upside down and poured out the sour cream.

2 I was wandering along the corridor of the amusement park. A splendid fountain ahead appealed to me. Behind it was the superb aquarium. I pedalled a bicycle along the original route to visit the aquarium. I was very much amused to see some adorable fish swimming and an enormous whale on display. There were up to 20，000 fish there. Then I visited a pirate ship，had a swing with some children and took a ride on the roller coaster. In this park，there were many entertainments that aroused my strong appetite. I could watch fashion shows，iron workshops，and a rare steam engine. That was an incredible theme park that appealed to everyone. After the

visit，my teacher asked me to describe the park with adjectives and imperative sentences，then to label these adjectives and put them in the left column.

UNIT 4　BODY LANGUAGE

1 In our interactions with other people，the way of expression needs to vary with the situation. Body language is important and reliable. By contrast，it is sometimes more appropriate than spoken language. A smile is always approved of in all cultures because it demonstrates politeness and can break down barriers. A fake smile is also necessary if you want to hide feelings like anger or anxiety，or when you feel ashamed or embarrassed. Of course，we can make inferences about the truth of the smile. Body language differs around the world. Different cultures may employ different gestures to express the identical feelings. In some cultures，people favour shaking hands，bowing from the waist when they meet. By comparison，elsewhere，people may kiss their friends on the cheek. You can also witness that some people interpret the gesture for OK as zero.

2 As an educator，I’ve learned to read my students’ body language and know what makes each student tick. In other words，I understand what my students think through their body language. As we know，people have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in. So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch，it implies he is bored. Their eyes barely move，and with their chins on their hands，they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling. That means these students are distracted from class. I can perceive and distinguish why some students put their arms across their chests. I know I need to inquire and assess what is going on. Once，I made a trial with the twin brothers about nonverbal gestures. I gave an accurate assessment of their internal thoughts by how they posed，slumped and bent over. This was also a good explanation of body language. Ultimately，I call on my students not to be bothered by the outside world and adjust their learning state. At work，if there is a conflict between behaviour and learning，I will intervene in time. This is merely one component of the solution.

UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND

1 Known as the “father of hybrid rice”，Yuan Longping has devoted his life to the Chinese farmers. Once，China had a serious shortage of food. To tackle this crisis，alleviate hunger and get rid of poverty，Yuan was convinced that farmers must boost yields in the fields they had.One characteristic of hybrids showed that they could attain a higher yield than conventional crops. Through intense effort，Yuan overcame enormous difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that enabled farmers to expand their output greatly. Today，it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains. Deep down，Yuan is still very much a farmer at heart. As a man of the soil，he cares little for celebrity or money. Despite his wealth，Yuan Longping doesn’t live a life of leisure. His assumption is that he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum，with each ear of rice as big as a broom，and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut. His latest vision for rice growing in salty land has also become a reality.

2 Farmers prefer chemical fertilizers to organic ones for an increase of output. But crops grown with chemical fertilizers lack nutrition，essential minerals and nice flavour. Today chemical pesticides have been in widespread use in farming. Pesticides can kill harmful bacteria and insects，but damage the nutritious crops. This，in turn，affects the animals and humans who digest them.Now some pesticides have been prohibited in most countries. As an alternative，some farmers have switched to organic farming，because organic vegetables and grain are welcomed in urban groceries. These farmers also change crops. For instance，they grow corn or wheat in a field one year，and then grow beans there the next. These crops have entirely different roots and use different

depths of soil.

屠呦呦获得了诺贝尔 生理学或医学奖，因为她发现了治疗疟疾的关键药物青蒿素。事实上，青蒿素已经成为疟疾治疗的重要组成部分。大学毕业后，屠呦呦在中国中医研究院工作。她致力于发现疟疾新疗法的目标。她和她的科研团队试图找到治疗这种疾病的传统植物疗法。他们评估了28 万种植物，并测试了380 种不同的古代中医疗法。屠的研究小组尝试将新鲜的青蒿 煮沸，然后用从中提取的液体治疗疟疾，但没有成功。屠呦呦不承认 失败。她坚持要再次分析医学文献，并得出结论，煮沸这种青蒿 显然破坏了它的医学特性。她用较低的温度获取提取物，发现了这种有效的物质。青蒿素和青霉素一样，经得起临床检验，就像其他产品或设备经得起磨损一样。

小说家和教授的区别在于，前者大多是利用自己非凡的创作天赋，通过写小说来激发人们的热情，而后者则更注重学术研究。政治家想要建立自己的学说并试图掌权。科学家希望取得非凡的成就，拥有 鱼。然后我参观了海盗船，和孩子们一起荡秋千，坐过山车。公园里有许多娱乐活动，引起了我的强烈欲望。我可以观看时装秀、铁器车间和一台罕见的 蒸汽机。那是一个吸引每一个人的极好的主题公园。参观结束后，老师让我用形容词和祈使句来描述公园，然后给这些形容词贴上标签，把它们放在左栏里。

UNIT 4　BODY LANGUAGE

在我们与他人的交往中，表达的方式需要根据情况而变化。体态语很重要也很可靠。相比之下，它有时候比口头语言更恰当。微笑在所有文化中都是被认可的，因为它表现出礼貌，还可以打破 障碍。如果你想隐藏像愤怒或焦虑等情绪，或者当你感到羞愧或尴尬时，假装的微笑也是必要的。当然，我们可以推断出微笑的真实性。世界各地的体态语言各不相同。不同的文化可能使用不同的姿势来表达相同的感受。在某些文化中，人们见面时喜欢握手、弯腰 鞠躬。相比之下，在其他地方，人们可能会亲吻朋友的脸颊。你还可以看到有些人把“OK”的手势 理解为零。

作为一名教育工作者，我学会了解读学生的肢体语言，了解每个学生的一举一动的原因。换句话说，我通过学生的肢体语言来了解他们的想法。众所周知，人们总是倾向于他们感兴趣的东西。所以，如果一个学生低头看表，这意味着他很无聊。如果他们的眼睛几乎不动，双手托着下巴，忙着 盯着窗外或天花板，那意味着这些学生上课分心。我能够觉察和分辨出为什么有些学生把胳膊交叉放在胸前。我知道我需要调查和判断发生了什么。有一次，我对双胞胎兄弟做了一个关于非语言手势的试验。我通过他们摆姿势、垂

头走路和俯身的方式，准确地评估了他们的内心想法。这也是对肢体语言一个很好的解释。最后，我呼吁学生不要被外界干扰，调整好自己的学习状态。在课堂学习中，如果行为和学习之间有冲突，我会及时介入。这仅仅是解决方案的一个组成部分。

UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND

被誉为“杂交水稻之父”的袁隆平把一生奉献给了中国农民。中国的粮食曾经严重短缺。为了应对这个危机，缓解饥饿和摆脱贫困，袁隆平确信农民必须在已有土地上提高 产量。杂交作物的一个特点表明，它们可以获得比传统作物更高的产量。通过极大的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的困难，培育出了第一代杂交水稻，使

农民能够大幅度提高（水稻的）产量。据估算，现在中国国内大约60% 的大米消费是由袁隆平的杂交品种 形成的作物组成的。在内心深处袁隆平仍然还是一个纯粹的农民。作为一个土地之子，他不在乎名誉和金钱。袁隆平虽然很富有，却没有过悠闲的生活。他的设想是，他想象水稻植株像高粱一样高，每支稻穗像扫帚一样大，每粒稻米像花生一样大。他最近提出的在盐碱地种植水稻的愿景也已成为现实。

为了提高产量，农民更喜欢化 肥而不是有机肥。但是用化肥种植的作物缺乏营养、必需的 矿物质和美味。今天，化学 农药已在农业中得到了广泛的应用。农药可以杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，但也会损害有营养的作物。这反过来又影响到消化它们的动物和人类。现在大多数国家都已禁止使用某些杀虫剂。作为替代，一些农民已经转向有机农业，因为有机蔬菜和粮食在城市的 杂货店里很受欢迎。这些农民还更换作物。例如，他们一年在一块地里种玉米或小麦，下一年在那里种豆类。这些作物的根 完全不同，使用的土壤深度也不同。

教材全解·高中英语选择性必修第二册·人教版·语境记单词

UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS

1 Cholera is an infectious disease caused by germs. People who are infected with this disease will suffer from severe diarrhoea，dehydration and even death. As a young doctor，John Snow felt a little frustrated at first，but he was determined to defeat “ King Cholera” once and for all. There were then two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. Snow subscribed to the correct theory that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. But Snow needed proof and findings. It happened that cholera broke out in London in 1854，and Snow began to investigate. He discovered that there were multiple deaths in some households near the water pump in Broad Street. This showed there was a link between the cases of cholera and the water. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame，so he had the handle of the water pump removed. Thanks to Snow’s intervention，people began to drink pure water instead of raw water. Thus，there was a substantial decrease in the threat of cholera. Furthermore，in his use of maps and statistics，Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. His thinking and concept on disease were quite novel at that time. Therefore，Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.

2 Doctors use microscopes to observe cells，germs， viruses or proteins in cells，while astronomers look at stars and study astronomy through telescopes. A theory may be abstract，but research work needs to have a solid，concrete or vivid theoretical framework. Besides John Snow，it is worth mentioning Qian Xuesen，the father of China’s aerospace industry. He was an outstanding， gifted and patriotic scientist. At first，he studied railway mechanical engineering. In order to defend China’s airspace，he shifted his major to aviation. While studying in the United States，Qian Xuesen was a graduate assistant，studying jet and rocket technology. After returning to China，he was put in charge of developing China’s rocket science and its space and missile programme. Under Qian’s leadership，China’s aerospace industry made steady progress and achieved initial success. Now let’s change the subject. Here is a picture of a brilliant rainbow after a heavy rain. There is a man standing over there. The rainbow casts different shadows of the man. Above all，the moon is hanging in the sky，but the sun has not yet set. Can you find fault with this picture?

UNIT 2 BRIDGING CULTURES

1 My friend Xie Lei recalled her complex experience of studying abroad. Xie Lei originally studied for a business qualification at a university in China. She is an ambitious girl，and her ambition is to set up a business back in China after graduation. She chose to live with a host family for her adaptation to the new culture. It was a comfort for her to have a second family. Her college tutor was very strict and advised her to participate in class activities. For example，she should speak up in class or give presentations，not cite others’ opinions. She was engaged in British culture and involved in social activities，thus acting as a cultural messenger. She knew that much exposure to another culture could give her great insights into the world. At first，she felt culture shock from a foreign country，and had an overwhelming homesickness. But later she stepped out of her comfort zone and felt much more at home. She became more motivated. Xie Lei’s advisor talked to her about maintaining reasonable expectations when studying abroad. Her motivation to study abroad became more clear，and she even wanted to be an applicant for a job at a foreign firm. However，she was looking forward to her early departure from the UK.

2 In recent years，there has been a dramatic increase in the number of people studying abroad， but there exist some disadvantages. Tuition and living expenses are higher than at home and could end up costing an arm and a leg， far more than the household budget. Another factor is the tremendous life pressure. Some students are not mature enough to behave well in new surroundings. They can’t grasp the local customs. Some students may feel depressed. Now，China’s education is booming. More and more young students choose to study in China to make contributions to and strengthen their motherland in the future. No one can deny the fact that studying abroad has its disadvantages. But still some people are optimistic about it. As far as they are concerned，studying abroad helps to gain and improve our general competence. Cooperating with people from diverse cultural settings helps us view the world from different angles. China’s global outlook，with projects such as the Belt and Road Initiative，has helped us make connections across the world. China needs cultural envoys as well as more talented young people with a global perspective who are highly competent with languages. Both sides sound logical. Which idea would you probably side with? As far as I know，studying abroad doesn’t always bring good outcomes. In summary，I sincerely hope that parents will take this issue seriously.

UNIT 3　FOOD AND CULTURE

1 Prior to discussing food and culture，let’s talk about the cuisine and recipes. Both Western and Chinese dishes may consist of these ingredients， such as onion，garlic，cabbage，bean curd， chilli，etc. They contain a lot of vitamins and fibre. Meat includes pork，red braised pork，lamb，lamb kebabs，bacon，ham，sausage，haggis and so on， which contain large quantities of fat and calories. In addition，there are some other ingredients， such as soy sauce，vinegar，olive oil，pepper and peppercorns. Food includes dairy products， buns，desserts，dim sum and so on. Generally speaking，there are different categories of cuisines all over the world.

2 Madam Wang，a member of China Cuisine Association，works in our school canteen. She used to be a chef in a hotel cafeteria. She is elegant， modest with a stable temper. She can make exceptional desserts. She is a somewhat bold chef，making dough into various shapes，slicing it into thin slices or stuffing it into different molds. She has her own tricks of the trade，so she makes her own brand of desserts，served with pearls and figs. She is overall a vegetarian，consuming a minimum of fat each day. She always eats or drinks in moderation，but never eats junk food. She also teaches us how to eat. She says one fundamental factor of an ideal diet is to chew slowly. Consistent eating habits are better for our health. This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of our diet might be.

UNIT 4　JOURNEY ACROSS A VAST LAND

1 Two Chinese girls arrived in Vancouver by commercial airline. There they took a pleasant boat ride out into the bay and later visited an island with wonderful shops selling crafts and antiques. The next morning，the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise，passing through the massive mountains and forests. The blue water in Lake Louise literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty. Then they took a coach bound north through the Rockies to Jasper. The awesome scenery，spectacular mountain peaks and forests made them excited. One highlight of their trip was seeing many different creatures，including deer， mountain goats，and even a grizzly bear. Their first stop was Edmonton，the centre of Canada’s oil and gas drilling industry. The city is freezing cold in winter but it is home to many shopping malls. Crossing the great Canadian Prairie and a bunch of farms，they did not anticipate seeing such an open country. As the train thundered on towards the southern border，they opened the curtains and saw frost on the ground. Their trip from Vancouver to Toronto had taken a duration of four days.

2 My friend is a photographer with a French accent. He is enrolled in an English tutoring class to learn English idioms，but the result is often contrary to his wishes. One day at dusk he was staying in a hotel. He heard someone on the upper floor shout “Look out!” He put his head out of the window at once. As a result，a basin of water poured down on his head. He was astonished. Anyhow，he felt he was coherent. “English is so strange that ‘look out’ means not looking out，”he said to himself. Once he saw an advertisement that said，“Our company owes a great deal to our customers.” He thought the company was in deep debt. In fact， it’s a way for the company to express their thanks to the customers. He proceeded alongside the cobblestone shore，past a quarry，and finally arrived at the harbour. He took some pictures of a steel bridge in the mist. He came back late and had some toast for dinner.

UNIT 5 FIRST AID

1 My fellow classmate gave me a manual and a leaflet about first aid. They introduced many practical first aid techniques. The skin is the largest organ of your body. It acts as a barrier against disease，toxins，and the sun’s rays. It gives you your sense of touch. If your skin is burnt by radiation or acids，you feel much pain，especially when you receive an electric shock. Burns are no minor incidents. If the burn surface is red and swollen with blisters，you should work as a paramedic and provide urgent treatment to ease the pain. You can wrap the burnt area with a loose clean fabric. If every layer of the skin is affected or nerves underneath are damaged，the victim must be taken to the hospital immediately. Here are some other first aid cases. What if someone swallows a chemical? What if someone slips in the bathtub? What do you do if an elderly man falls on the carpet? What do you do when you get bitten by a mosquito? What if your classmate sprains his ankle and bleeds? And what do you do when you hear a drowning man screaming? You might say， “I don’t panic. I’ll give first aid，like putting in an IV needle，performing mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing and checking his vital signs. Also， I will call emergency services without delay and try to explain to the operator until the ambulance arrives.”

2 Once，I was having dinner in a restaurant. I had my dinner interrupted when I heard someone screaming from another table. A fellow diner at the restaurant was choking on some steak. He was now holding his throat with his face turning red，while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back. I went over to help the diner to his feet. Then I used the Heimlich manoeuvre. I stood behind him，made a fist with one hand，grabbed my fist with the other hand tightly，and then pushed up and into his stomach in one motion. I continued doing this until the obstruction was forced out. If he had been a small child，I would have laid him face down on my lap so that he couldn’t collapse. We have a duty to look after one another’s welfare. How could I justify standing by and doing nothing? Recently I was out of shape. I always ate more and slept in. I stayed in a hospital ward for two weeks. The doctor suggested that I should get a gym membership and work out at the gym in the suburbs.

UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS

霍乱是一种由细菌引起的传染病。感染这种疾病的人会严重 腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。作为一名年轻的医生，约翰• 斯诺一开始感到有点沮丧，但他决心彻底击败“霍乱王”。当时有两种截然不同的理论来解释霍乱是如何传播的。斯诺赞同正确的理论，即霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。但斯诺需要证据和调查结果。1854 年伦敦恰巧暴发了霍乱，斯诺开始调查。他发现宽街水泵附近的一些住户有多人死亡，这说明霍乱病例与饮用水有关联。斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首，于是他让人把水泵的把手拆掉了。多亏了斯诺的干预，人们开始饮用纯净水而不是原水。因此，霍乱的威胁大幅 降低。此外，斯诺利用地图和统计数据，改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。他对疾病的思考和观念在当时是相当新颖的。因此，斯诺被认为是现代流行病学之父。

医生用显微镜观察细胞、细菌、病毒或细胞中的蛋白质，而天文学家则用望远镜观察星体和研究天文学。理论可能是抽象的， 但研究工作需要有一个坚实、具体或生动的 理论框架。除了约翰• 斯诺，值得一提的是“中国航天之父”钱学森。他是一位杰出的、有天赋的、爱国的科学家。起初，他学习铁道机械工程。为了保卫中国的领空，他转到了航空专业。在美国留学期间，钱学森是一名研究生助理，研究喷气式飞机和火箭技术。回国后，他被任命负责发展中国的火箭科学及其太空和导弹项目。在钱学森的领导下，中国航天事业稳步发展，初见成效。现在咱们换个话题吧。这是一幅大雨过后的绚丽的 彩虹图。有一个人站在那边。彩虹 投射出这个人不同的影子。尤其是，天空中挂着月亮，但太阳还没有落山。你能找出这幅画的错误吗

UNIT 2 BRIDGING CULTURES

我的朋友谢蕾回忆起她复杂的留学经历。谢蕾最初在中国一所大学攻读商科。她是个有抱负的女孩，她的志向是毕业后回国创业。为了适应新的文化，她选择住在寄宿家庭。有了第二个家庭对她来说是一种安慰。她的大学导师非常严格，建议她参加班级活动。例如，她应该在课堂上大声发言或作报告，而不是引用别人的观点。她融入英国文化，参加社交活动，因此充当着文化使者的角色。她知道，多接触另一种文化可以让她对世界有深刻的了解。一开始，她感受到了异国的文化冲击， 产生了一种强烈的 乡愁。但后来她走出了自己的舒适区，感觉更自在了。她变得更有动力了。谢蕾的导师跟她谈了在留学时要保持合理的 预期。她出国留学的动机变得更加明确，她甚至想申请到外企工作。然而，她期待着早日离开英国。

近年来，出国留学的人数急剧增加， 但也存在一些弊端。学费和生活费都比国内要高，最终可能要花掉一大笔钱，远远超出家庭 预算。另一个因素是巨大的生活压力。有些学生还不够成熟，在新的环境中表现不好。他们领会不了当地的风俗习惯。一些学生可能会感到沮丧。现在，中国的教育正在蓬勃发展。越来越多的青年学生选择在国内学习，在将来为祖国作出贡献，让国家更加富强。没有人能否认出国留学有它的弊端。但仍有一些人对此持乐观态度。在他们看来，出国留学有助于获得和提高我们的综合能力。与来自不同文化背景的人合作有助于我们从不同的角度看待世界。以“一带一路”倡议等项目为代表的中国全球观，帮助我们与世界各国建立联系。中国需要文化使者，也需要更多具有全球视野、语言能力强、有才能的年轻人。双方听起来都很合理。你可能支持哪一种观点 就我所知，出国留学并不总是带来好的结果。总之，我真诚地希望家长们认真对待这个问题。

UNIT 3　FOOD AND CULTURE

在讨论饮食和文化之前，我们先来谈谈烹饪和食谱。西餐和中餐都可能含有这些配料，如洋葱、大蒜、卷心菜、豆腐、辣椒等。它们含有大量的维生素和纤维。肉类包括猪肉、红烧肉、羊肉、烤羊肉串、熏猪肉、火腿、香肠、羊杂碎肚等，都含有大量的脂肪和卡路里。此外，还有一些其他佐料，如酱油、醋、橄榄油、胡椒粉和胡椒粒。食物包括奶制品、圆面包、甜点和中式点心等。一般来说，世界各地有不同种类的菜肴。

王女士，中国烹饪协会会员，在我们学校食堂工作。她曾在一家酒店的自助餐厅当过厨师。她举止优雅、谦虚、稳重。她能做出特别的 甜点。她是一个有点 大胆自信的 厨师，把生面团做成各种形状，切成 薄片，或者塞进不同的模具里。她有自己的行业诀窍，所以她做出了自己品牌的甜点，配上珍珠和无花果。她总体上是一个素食者， 每天摄入 最少量的脂肪。她总是适度饮食，从不吃垃圾食品。她还教我们如何吃。她说，理想饮食的一个基本要素就是细嚼慢咽。连续的饮食习惯对我们的健康更有益处，不管我们饮食的其他方面有多健康，这都是正确的。

UNIT 4　JOURNEY ACROSS A VAST LAND

两个中国女孩乘坐商业航空公司的飞机抵达温哥华。在那里，她们乘船愉快地驶入海湾，后来参观了一个岛屿，岛上有很不错的出售工艺品和古董的商店。第二天早上，两个女孩早早起床，坐火车去路易斯湖，途经巨大的群山和森林。路易斯湖湛蓝的湖水异常美丽，令她们真正地 惊叹不已。然后她们乘长途汽车向北穿过落基山脉到达贾斯珀。令人惊叹的 风景，壮观的山峰和森林，让她们兴奋不已。她们此行的一大亮点是看到了许多不同的生物，包括鹿、山羊，甚至一只灰熊。她们的第一站是埃德蒙顿，加拿大石油和天然气钻探工业的中心。这个城市冬天极冷，但它是许多购物中心的所在地。她们穿越加拿大大草原和成片的农场时，没有预料到会看到这样一个开放的国家。火车轰鸣着驶向南部边境，她们拉开窗帘，看见地面上有霜。她们从温哥华到多伦多的旅行持续了四天。

我朋友是一个有法国口音的摄影师。他报名参加了一个英语辅导班，学习英语习语，但结果往往事与愿违。一天傍晚，他住在一家旅馆里。他听到楼上有人喊“小心！” 他立即把头伸出窗外。结果，一盆水倒在了他的头上，他很惊讶。不管怎样，他觉得自己是有道理的。他自言自语地说：“英语太奇怪了，‘向外看’就是不要‘向外看’。” 有一次，他看到一则广告，上面写着“我们公司非常感激我们的顾客”。他认为该公司负债累累。事实上，这是这个公司向顾客表达谢意的一种方式。他继续 沿着 铺有鹅卵石的 海岸 前行，经过一个采石场，最后来到港口。他在雾中拍了几张钢桥的照片。他回来得很晚，晚饭吃了些烤面包片。

UNIT 5 FIRST AID

我的同学给了我有关急救的一本手册和一份宣传单。它们介绍了许多实用的急救方法。皮肤是人体最大的器官。它是抵御疾病、毒素和阳光的屏障。它给你触觉。如果你的皮肤被辐射或酸物质灼伤，你会感到很痛，尤其是当你受到电击的时候。烧伤不是小事。如果烧伤表面红肿并带有水疱，你应该充当一名护理人员，提供紧急处理，以减轻疼痛。你可以用一块干净透气（宽松）的 布把烧伤部位包裹起来。如果皮肤的每一层都受到了影响或下面的 神经受到了损害， 那么，伤者必须立即送往医院。这里还有一些其他急救案例。如果有人吞下了化学物质怎么办 如果有人在浴缸里滑倒了怎么办 如果一个老人摔倒在地毯上，你该怎么做 当你被蚊子叮咬时，你会怎么做 如果你的同学扭伤 脚踝 流血了该怎么办 当你听到一个溺水的人尖叫时你会怎么做 你可能会说，“我不惊慌。我会实施急救，比如打静脉注射针、进行口对口人工呼吸并检查生命体征。此外，我还会毫不迟疑地打电话给急救中心（应急服务机构），并尽力向接线员解释情况，直到救护车到来。”

　有一次，我在一家餐馆吃饭。当我听到另一张桌子上有人尖叫时，我的晚餐被中断了。餐馆里的一位用餐者被一些牛排 噎住了。此时他扼住自己的喉咙，脸涨得通红， 而他绝望的朋友们则在拍打他的后背。我走过去帮助用餐者站了起来。然后我采用海姆立克急救法。我站在他身后，一只手握拳，另一只手紧紧 抓住我的拳头，然后快速地向上向内推压他的腹部。我持续这样做， 直到阻塞物被排出。如果他是个小孩子，我会把他脸朝下放在我的膝盖上，这样他就不会倒下。我们有责任照顾彼此的健康。我怎么能有理由袖手旁观而什么也不做呢 最近我的身体不好，我总是吃得多， 起得晚。我在医院病房住了两个星期。医生建议我办个健身会员，在郊外的健身房锻炼。

教材全解·高中英语选择性必修第三册·人教版·语境记单词

UNIT 1 ART

1 I am fond of the works of primitives，and those of realists in particular. Realists express realism by drawing realistic paintings. Different from Christianity，realistic painting pays more attention to humanity and has humanistic thoughts. Nowadays，in order to show their influential ranks and reputations，some high-ranking officials and nobles like to collect famous paintings. These clients go around purchasing paintings and photography works of famous artists. There is a painting called Impression，Sunrise ，a work filled with mythology. The sun is slowly emerging on the horizon from different dimensions，showing the outer beauty of nature. The painting is set apart from others because of its precise description of nature. It conveys the artist’s subjective view of nature，and causes a subsequent influence. As the painting precisely describes nature，it is called a breakthrough in the history of painting.

2 Sculptors create sculptures to give people visual beauty. Sculpture，like painting，is also called fine art. But some sculptors don’t seem to be humble enough when their works are criticised. It means that they won’t accept criticism. You can see sculptures everywhere in this park. Over the pond in the park， there is an arched bridge with several arches in it. There are some water lilies in the pond. Brides and grooms often have pictures taken by the side of the bridge and the pond. In the center of the park stands a permanent memorial. The local government has paid a large investment in the park.

3 There is a big museum in our city. It houses a representative collection of antiques and artistic works，including ancient bronzes，ceramics， vases，ink wash paintings and Buddhist objects. It also has a collection of world-famous symphonies as well as contemporary animations. In recent years，entry to the museum has been limited， so there is a decline in the number of visitors. For the expansion of the museum’s influence，they often hold exhibitions and collect civil products to attract tourists. Two-dimensional technology is made full use of in these exhibitions to provide film frames and bring ancient things to life，so they are worthy of being visited. As a result，the reputation of the museum has been guaranteed.

UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

1 Abuse of tobacco or alcohol can cause physical harm. If you already rely on either of them，it’s hard to quit. However，you should not take a negative or pessimistic attitude towards it. You must learn to discipline yourself and dominate your daily behaviour. According to psychology，any cue can affect your decisions and actions. Therefore，you should decide on a plan to stop smoking or drinking and start straight away. In response to your plan， don’t give up smoking or drinking repeatedly， don’t take pills，but have your health examined regularly. You should also enhance physical exercise to facilitate your ability to fight disease. If you can do this，you are sure to get a good reward.

2A team which was composed of medical specialists，consultants and surgeons went to the drug addiction treatment center. They had made up their minds to help the addicts get rid of their bad habits. In the center，they found some patients were smoking cigarettes. Some patients tried to skip medical tests to avoid being disturbed. But all this was stopped. Other patients that grew beards were asked to shave them off. In addition，the surgeons performed surgery on serious patients to give them a complete liberation from pain.

3 We know that flu is caused by a virus. People with flu can feel dizzy. They feel stressed out or even feel worn out. In addition to taking medicine， sports will refresh us and make us feel dynamic. For example，skateboarding and bowling are good choices. Physical exercise can enhance our ability of disease prevention and stimulate our enthusiasm for life. In addition，it can make us absorbed in our work. Let’s change the subject. Last week，I paid a visit to the dentist and I did it monthly. He advised me not to eat too much sugary food or too many nuts.

UNIT 3　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

1 One graph shows that carbon dioxide and methane emissions are increasing year by year. As a result，they have destroyed our ecology and caused global warming. People burn fossil fuels to produce waste gases， which are then released into the atmosphere. We should fully realize that global warming is a worldwide problem. We must restrict the emission of carbon dioxide. We also call for a restriction on other waste gas emissions. There is a trend that global warming may cause ice and snow to melt，making polar bears，seals or penguins starve to death，and our planet not habitable. In order to sustain our survival as well as for the sustainable development of human society，we must fight for the protection of our living environment and ecology. We should seize every opportunity to advertise our protection policy through the media，such as TV and radio broadcasts. This is a hard and comprehensive task，and we must frequently warn people about it.

2 Our reform and opening-up policy aims not only to reform the economic system，but also to build a harmonious well-off society. In the course of implementing the reform，we have to undergo challenges，tests，pains and even chaos. The annual workshop on ecology and environment will be held soon，and I will attend the meeting on behalf of our city. Some sensitive topics may be discussed at the meeting. It involves the use of nuclear energy and how to protect the tropical jungles in the basins. At that time，representatives will submit their proposals.

3 Smog originates from the emission of waste gases. For the conservation of our environment， a nationwide campaign against smog has been launched. Dozens of enterprises in our city have set up regulations and agendas to prohibit the emission of garbage and waste gases. The enterprises concerned must carry out a thorough disposal of their waste gas emissions as well as waterways before the end of the year to restore them to their original condition. The government will never tolerate such a situation to continue. Enterprises with large volumes of emissions will be fined. If any enterprise fails to pass the inspection，it will be fined，too.

UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE

1 After retiring from the navy，the crew formed an ocean expedition. They were both qualified and enthusiastic explorers. After they were assigned the task，they went aboard the ship and began their voyage to the Atlantic Ocean. All the crew and stewards were full of vigour and were envied by everyone. A few days later when the ship was sailing，it was crushed against a reef unfortunately. Immediately the ship began to sink. At this time， some of the crew resolved to persevere with the voyage，but the captain turned them down. After sending out the emergency signal，the captain decided to abandon the ship，including all the belongings on board，such as furniture， cupboards，stoves，blankets and a decent banjo. It was time to test their endurance，resolve and perseverance in adversity. No one was ever selfish or bad-tempered. Although it was a bitter and miserable experience，they were fearless and showed a genuine friendship with each other.

2 My nephew made an application for a job in an advertising agency. Fortunately，he was hired by the company. Under the guidance of his boss， his work was to advertise corporate culture. Once he went to a private enterprise to make a thorough investigation. Unfortunately，he found that the owner of the private enterprise beat his dog in a cruel way while it was barking. Therefore，he refused to advertise for the company. My nephew likes badminton and rugby. He is often seen in the recreation center to play baseball with a bat.

3 As Confucianism says，“Keep what you say and carry out what you do.” Tom was a navigator， and he made a commitment to live or die with the ship. Here was an episode in his life. When the ship motor started，he got aboard the ship and made fire，which began to give off a light smoke. While the ship was sailing out to the sea，they met with a storm. But in the rough sea，Tom remained calm. His only motive was to navigate the ship safely. Finally，when the ship reached its destination， he gave his life to save others. I’m the suitable candidate to go sailing. I must be as loyal to my ship and the crew as Tom was.

UNIT 5 POEMS

1 I am a literary youth and an amateur in English poetry. I am fond of Shakespeare’s poems and dramas full of sorrow. Now I can recite dozens of English poems and folk songs because they are full of imagery，rhyme and rhythm. I still remember a nursery rhyme，which contains the words “mockingbird”“diamond ring”“brass”“billy goat”and “bull”. There is a list poem called “Mother”，which describes hundreds of bees in the sunny weather，hundreds of dewdrops to greet the dawn，and hundreds of delicate butterflies in the blossoms on the lawn. There is a certain format for the number of lines in different forms of poetry. Another form of poem is called the cinquain ，which is made up of five lines. It conveys a strong picture or a certain mood in a few words. Time awaits no man and stop teasing. Now let’s hold a discussion revolving around English poetry. If you already have some comprehension of English poetry， please utter what you think. I’d like to hear your respective opinions.

2 In a dominant place on the shelf，there is a book of prose and a collection of blank verse. There may be several other versions of them. The core content of these works is to describe the daily life of civilians. For example，in spring when the cherry blossoms were in full bloom，farmers began to sow the seeds of their crops，hoping for the autumn harvest. In the era of innocence，people were innocent and sympathetic. They showed sympathy and love for each other. At that time，correspondence was not so easy and convenient as it is today，but the relationship between people was close，not as distant as it is now.　

3 The deadline for the composition contest is drawing near. My paper is about racial prejudice and it needs to be polished by my teacher. To my grief，my teacher says that there are still a string of questions to be clarified in my paper. The structure of the composition is so complicated that I have to make some variations wherever necessary.

UNIT 1 ART

我喜欢 文艺复兴前的艺术家的作品，尤其是现实主义画家的那些作品。现实主义画家通过画写实的绘画来表达现实主义（理念）。与基督教不同，写实绘画更注重人性，具有人文思想。如今，为了显示自己有影响力的 地位和声誉，一些达官贵人喜欢收藏名画。这些客户四处购买著名艺术家的绘画和摄影作品。有幅名叫《日出·印象》的绘画，是一幅充满虚幻想法的作品。太阳从不同的维度慢慢地出现在地平线上，展现出大自然的外在美。这幅画因其对大自然的精确描绘而与众不同。它传达了艺术家对大自然的主观看法，并产生了后来的影响。因为这幅画准确地描绘了大自然，所以它被称为绘画史上的一次突破。

雕塑家通过制作雕塑，给人以视觉美。雕塑和绘画一样，也被称为美术。但有的雕塑家在作品受到批评时显得不够谦虚，意思是说，他们不愿接受批评。在这个公园里到处都可以看到雕塑。在公园的池塘上方，有一座拱形桥，桥上有几个拱。池塘里有一些睡莲。新娘和新郎经常在桥边和池塘边拍照。公园中央矗立着一座永久性 纪念碑。地方政府在这个公园里投入了大量资金。

我们城市有一座大型博物馆。这里收藏了一批具有代表性的古董和艺术作品，包括古代青铜器、陶瓷作品、花瓶、水墨画和佛教物品。它还收藏了一些世界著名的交响乐曲和当代 动画片。近年来，进入博物馆（参观）受到了限制，所以参观者数量有所下降。为了扩大博物馆的影响力，他们经常举办展览和收集民用产品来吸引游客。这些展览充分利用二维技术提供电影画面，使古代的事物重现生机，所以，它们是值得参观的。结果， 博物馆的声誉得到了保证。

UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

无节制吸烟或饮酒会造成身体伤害。如果你已经依赖其中之一，就很难戒掉。但是，你不应该对此持有消极或悲观的态度。你必须学会自我控制，控制你的日常行为。根据心理学，任何暗示都会影响你的决定和行动。因此，你应该选定一个戒烟或戒酒的计划，然后马上开始。为了响应你的计划，不要反复戒烟或戒酒，不要吃药，但要定期检查你的身体。你还应该加强 体育锻炼，以促进你的抗病能力（提升）。如果你能做到这一点，你一定会得到良好的回报。

一个由 专科医生、顾问和外科医生 组成的小组前往戒毒治疗中心。他们已下定决心帮助吸毒成瘾的人摆脱坏他们的坏习惯。在戒毒中心，他们发现一些患者在抽烟。一些患者为了避免受到打扰， 试图逃避医疗检查。但这一切都被制止了。还有一些留着胡子的患者被要求把胡子剃掉。此外，外科医生为重病患者做了手术，让他们彻底解脱病痛。

我们知道，流感是由病毒引起的。流感患者会感到头晕目眩。他们焦虑不安， 甚至疲惫不堪。除了服药，体育运动也会使我们精神焕发、充满活力。例如，滑板运动和保龄球运动都是不错的选择。体育锻炼可以增强我们预防疾病的能力， 激发我们对生活的热情。此外，它还能使我们全神贯注于工作。咱们换个话题吧。上周我去看了牙医，而且我每月都去看一次。他建议我不要吃太多含糖的食物和坚果。

UNIT 3　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

一张图表显示，二氧化碳和甲烷的排放量正在逐年增加。结果，它们破坏了我们的生态，导致了全球变暖。人们燃烧化石燃料产生废气，然后它们被排放到大气中。我们应该充分认识到，全球变暖是一个世界性的问题。我们必须限制二氧化碳的排放。我们还呼吁限制其他废气的排放。有一种趋势是，全球变暖可能导致冰雪融化，使得北极熊、海豹或企鹅 饿死，我们的地球无法居住。为了维持我们的生存，以及为了人类社会的可持续发展，我们必须为保护我们的生存环境和生态而奋斗。我们应该抓住一切机会，通过电视和无线电广播等媒体宣传我们的保护政策。这是一项艰巨而全面的任务，我们必须经常提醒人们注意。

我们的改革开放政策不仅要改革经济体制，而且要建设和谐的小康社会。在实施改革的过程中，我们要经受挑战、考验、阵痛，甚至混乱。一年一度的生态与环境研讨会即将召开，我将代表我市出席会议。会上可能会讨论一些敏感的话题， 它涉及核能的利用以及如何保护盆地中的热带 丛林等。届时，代表们将提交他们的议案。

雾霾 源于废气的排放。为了保护我们的环境，一场全国性的治理雾霾的运动已经展开。我市很多 企业已经制定了法规和议程，禁止垃圾和废气的排放。有关企业必须在年底前对废气排放和河道进行彻底治理，使其恢复原状。政府决不会容忍这种情况继续下去。排放量大的企业将被罚款。任何企业如果无法通过检查，也将被罚款。

UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE

从海军退役后，船员组成了一支远洋探险队。他们是既合格又热情的探险者。被分配任务后，他们就登上了船，开始了去大西洋的航行。全体船员和乘务员都精力充沛，受到了大家的羡慕。几天后， 船在航行时，不幸 撞到了暗礁上。船立即开始下沉。这时，有些船员决心 坚持这次航行，但船长拒绝了他们。在发出紧急信号后，船长决定弃船，包括船上所有的物品，例如家具、橱柜、炉具、毛毯和一把相当不错的 班卓琴。到了在逆境中考验他们耐力、决心和毅力的时候了。没有人自私或脾气不好。虽然这是一次痛苦而悲惨的经历，但他们无所畏惧，彼此表现出真诚的友谊。

我侄子申请在一家广告公司工作。幸运的是，他被公司录用了。在老板的指导下，他的工作是为公司的文化做广告。有一次他去一家私营企业做了一次彻底的调查。不幸的是，他发现私营企业老板在狗叫的时候用残忍的方式打它。因此， 他拒绝为这个公司做宣传。我侄子喜欢羽毛球运动和橄榄球运动。人们经常看到他在娱乐中心拿着球拍打棒球。

正如儒家所言，“言必信，行必果。” 汤姆是一位领航员，他承诺与船只共存亡。这是他生命中的一段经历。当船上的马达启动时，他上了船，生起了火，冒出一股轻烟。当船出海时，他们遇到了风暴。但在波涛汹涌的大海中，汤姆保持镇静。他唯一的目的就是安全地为这艘船驾驶导航。最后，当船到达目的地时，他为了救别人而献出了生命。我是去航海的合适人选。我必须像汤姆一样对我的船只和船员 忠诚。

UNIT 5 POEMS

我是一名文学青年，英语诗歌的业余爱好者。我喜欢莎士比亚充满悲伤的诗歌和戏剧。现在，我能背诵几十首英文诗歌和民谣，因为它们饱含形象的描述、押韵词和节奏。我还记得一首童谣，里面有“嘲鸫”“钻戒”“黄铜”“公山羊”和“公牛”等词语。有一首题为《母亲》的清单诗，它描述了千百只蜜蜂在晴朗的天气里（飞舞），千百滴露珠迎接黎明，千百只精美的蝴蝶在草坪上的花丛中（飞舞）。在不同形式的诗歌中，都有特定的行数格式。还有另一种形式的诗歌被称为五行诗，它由五行组成，用寥寥数语表达一幅强烈的画面或某种情绪。时间不等人，不说笑了。现在让我们围绕英文诗歌展开一次讨论吧。如果你已经对英文诗歌有了一定的理解，请说出你的想法。我想听听你们各自的看法。

在架子上显眼的地方，有一本散文书和一本无韵诗集。可能还有它们的其他几个版本。这些作品的核心内容是描写平民百姓的日常生活。例如，在樱花盛开的春天，农民们开始播撒庄稼的种子，期待着秋天的丰收。在纯真年代，人们天真无邪，富有同情心。他们彼此之间表示同情和爱心。那个时候，通信也不像今天这样容易和便利，但人与人之间的关系很亲密，不像现在这么疏远。

论文大赛的截止日期快要到了。我的论文是关于种族偏见的，它需要我的老师来润色。令我难过的是，老师说我的论文还有一连串的问题需要澄清。论文的结构过于复杂，我必须在必要的地方做些 改动。