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2023高考英语新课标词汇表1

2023-08-20 23:00:02 聚哦体育 聚哦

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2023高考英语新课标词汇表1

新课标高考英语词汇表（带音标）

a [eɪ, ə ]art. 一（个、件……）

an [æn, ən] art. 一（个、件……）

abandon [əˈbændən] v.抛弃, 舍弃, 放弃

ability [əˈbɪlɪtɪ] n. 能力；才能

able [ˈeɪbl] a. 能够……的；有能力的

abnormal [æbˈnɔːməl] a. 反常的, 变态的

aboard [əˈbɔːd] prep. 上（船,飞机, 火车,,汽车等）

abolish [əˈbɒlɪʃ] v. 废除, 废止

abortion [əˈbɔːʃən] v. 流产, 夭折

about [əˈbaʊt] ad. 大约；到处；四处

prep. 关于；在各处；四处

above [əˈbʌv] prep. 在……上面 a. 上面的

ad. 在……之上

abroad [əˈbrɔːd] ad.到/在国外

abrupt [əˈbrʌpt] a. 突然的, 意外的, 粗鲁的

absence [ˈæbsəns] n. 不在, 缺席

absent [ˈæbsənt]a.缺席的,不在场的;v.提取,摘要

absolute [ˈæbsəluːt] a. 完全的,全部的,绝对的

absorb [əbˈsɔːb] v. 吸收, 使全神贯注

abstract [ˈæbstrækt] a./ n. 抽象的（作品）

absurd [əbˈsɜːd] a.荒谬的, 怪诞不经的

abundant [əˈbʌndənt] a.大量,丰盛的,充裕的

abuse [əˈbjuːz] v.滥用,虐待,恶语，辱骂

academic [ækəˈdemɪk] a. / n. 学术的, 教学的

academy [əˈkædəmɪ] n.专科学院,(美)私立学校

accelerate [əkˈseləreɪt] v.（使）加速, 加快

accent [ˈæksənt] n. 口音, 音调

accept [əkˈsept] vt. 接受

access [ˈækses] n. / v. 通道, 进入,

存取（计算机文件）

accessible [əkˈsesəbl] a. 可到达的, 可接受的, 易相处的

accident [ˈæksɪdənt] n. 事故, 意外的事

accommodation [ə,kɒməˈdeɪʃn] n.住宿, 膳宿

accompany [əˈkʌmpənɪ] v. 陪同, 陪伴；

与…同时发生

accomplish [əˈkʌmplɪʃ] vt. 完成

according to [əˈkɔːdɪŋ tʊ] ad. 按照, 根据

account [əˈkaʊnt] n. 账目;描述

accountant [əˈkaʊntənt] n. 会计, 会计师

accumulate [əˈkjuːmjʊleɪt] v. 积累, 积聚

accuracy [ˈækjʊrəsɪ] n. 准确, 精确，精密

accurate [ˈækjərət] a.精确的

accuse [əˈkjuːz] v. 控告，指责

accustomed [əˈkʌstəmd] a. 习惯于,惯常的

ache [eɪk] vi.& n. 痛, 疼痛

achieve [əˈtʃiːv] vt. 完成，达到, 取得

achievement [əˈtʃiːvmənt] n. 成就,成绩,功绩

acid [ˈæsɪd] a. 酸的

acknowledge [əkˈnɒlɪdʒ] v. 承认，认为，答谢

acquaintance [əˈkweɪntəns] n. 熟人,了解,相识

acquire [əˈkwaɪə] v. 获得, 得到

acquisition [,ækwɪˈzɪʃ(ə)n] n. 获得, 得到

acre [ˈeɪkə] n. 英亩

across [əˈkrɒs] prep. 横过, 穿过

act [ækt] n. 法令, 条例 v. （戏）表演, 扮演（角色）, 演出（戏）；行动, 做事

action [ˈækʃən] n. 行动

active [ˈæktɪv] a. 积极的, 主动的

activity [ækˈtɪvɪtɪ] n. 活动

actor [ˈæktə] n. 男演员

actress [ˈæktrɪs] n. 女演员

actual [ˈæktʃʊəl] a. 实际的；现实的

acute [ə'kjuːt]a.严重的,（病）急性的，敏锐的

AD n. 公元

ad [æd] (缩) =advertisement n.广告

adapt [əˈdæpt] v. 使适应, 适合, 改编

adaptation [,ædæp'teɪʃən] n. 适应, 改编本

add [æd] vt.添加, 增加

addicted [əˈdɪktɪd] a.上瘾的, 成瘾的, 入迷的

addition [əˈdɪʃ(ə)n] n.增加;（算数用语）加

address [əˈdres] n. 地址

adequate [ˈædɪkwət] a. 合适的, 合乎需要的

adjust [əˈdʒʌst] v.调整,调节,适应,习惯

adjustment [əˈdʒʌstmənt] n. 调整, 适应

administration [ədmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən] n.管理,行政部门

admirable [ˈædmərəbl] a.值得赞赏的,可钦佩的

admire [ədˈmaɪə] v. 钦佩；羡慕

admission [ədˈmɪʃ(ə)n] n. 准入, 接纳

admit [ədˈmɪt] vt. 承认,准许（入场, 入学, 入会）

adolescence [ædəʊ'lesns] n. 青春, 青春期

adolescent [ædəˈlesənt] n. 青少年

adopt [əˈdɒpt] v. 收养, 领养

adore [əˈdɔː] v. （不用于进行时）热爱,

爱慕某人

adult [ˈædʌlt] n. 成年人

advance [ədˈvɑːns] v. 推进, 促进；前进

advantage [ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ] n. 优点；好处

adventure [ədˈventʃə] n. 冒险；奇遇

advertise [ˈædvətaɪz] vt. 为……做广告

advertisement [ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt] n. 广告

advice [ədˈvaɪs] n. 忠告, 劝告, 建议

advise [ədˈvaɪz] vt. 忠告, 劝告, 建议

advocate [ˈædvəkət] v. 拥护, 支持, 提倡

aeroplane [`erə,pleɪn] n. (英)飞机

affair [əˈfeə] n. 事, 事情

affect [əˈfekt] vt. 影响

affection [əˈfekʃ(ə)n] n. 喜爱, 钟爱

afford [əˈfɔːd] vt. 负担得起（……的费用）；

抽得出（时间）；提供

afraid [əˈfreɪd] a. 害怕的；担心

Africa [ˈæfrɪkə]* n. 非洲

African [ˈæfrɪkən] a. 非洲的, 非洲人的

n. 非洲人

after[ˈɑːftə] ad.在后；后来prep. 在…之后；

在后面 conj. 在…以后

afternoon [ɑːftəˈnuːn] n. 下午, 午后

afterward(s) [ˈɑːftəwəd(z)] ad. 后来

again [əˈɡeɪn] ad. 再一次；再, 又

against [əˈɡeɪnst] prep. 对着, 反对

age [eɪdʒ] n. 年龄；时代

agency [ˈeɪdʒənsɪ] n. 代理机构

agenda [əˈdʒendə] n. （会议）议程表, 议事日程

agent [ˈeɪdʒənt] n. 代理人, 经济人

aggression [ˈəɡreʃ(ə)n] n. 侵略

aggressive [ˈəɡresɪv] a. 侵略的；咄咄逼人

ago [əˈɡəʊ] ad. 以前

agree [əˈɡriː] v. 同意；应允

agreement [əˈɡriːmənt] n. 同意,一致;协定, 协议

agricultural [æɡrɪˈkʌltʃər(ə)l] a. 农业的

agriculture [ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə] n. 农业, 农学

ahead [əˈhed] ad. 在前, 向前

aid [eɪd] n. 援助；救护；辅助器具

AIDS [eɪdz] n. 艾滋病

aim [eɪm] n.目的；目标；

v. 计划, 打算；瞄准；针对

air [eə] n. 空气；大气

aircraft [ˈeəkrɑːft] n. 飞机 (单复数同)

airline n. 航空公司；航空系统

airmail [ˈeəmeɪl] n. 航空邮件

airplane [ˈeəpleɪn] n. （美）飞机

airport [ˈeəpɔːt] n. 航空站, 飞机场

airspace [ˈeəspeɪs] n.领空,（某国的）空域

alarm [əˈlɑːm] n. 警报

album [ˈælbəm] n. 相册, 影集, 集邮簿

alcohol [ˈælkəhɒl] n. 含酒精饮料, 酒

alcoholic [ælkəˈhɒlɪk] a. / n. 含酒精的, 酒鬼

algebra [ˈældʒɪbrə] n. 代数

alike [əˈlaɪk] ad. 很相似地, 同样地

alive [əˈlaɪv] a. 活着的, 存在的

all [ɔːl] ad. 全部地 a.全（部）;所有的;

总的;整的 pron.全部;全体人员

allergic [əˈlɜːdʒɪk] a. 过敏的, 厌恶

alley [ˈælɪ] n. 小巷, 胡同

allocate [ˈæləkeɪt] v. 拨给,划归,分配…给

allow [əˈlaʊ] vt. 允许, 准许

allowance [əˈlaʊəns] n. 津贴, 补助

almost [ˈɔːlməʊst] ad. 几乎, 差不多

alone [əˈləʊn] a. 单独的, 孤独的

along [əˈlɒŋ] ad. 向前；和…一起；一同

prep. 沿着；顺着

alongside [əlɒŋˈsaɪd] ad.在…旁边,与…同时

aloud [əˈlaʊd] ad. 大声地

alphabet [ˈælfəbet] n. 字母表, 字母

already [ɔːlˈredɪ] ad. 已经

also [ˈɔːlsəʊ] ad. 也

alternative [ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv]a.可替代的,可供选择的

although [ɔːlˈðəʊ] conj. 虽然, 尽管

altitude [ˈæltɪtjuːd] n. 海拔高度

altogether [ɔːltəˈɡeðə] ad. 总共；完全地

aluminium [æljʊˈmɪnɪəm] n.（化）铝

always [ˈɔːlweɪz] ad. 总是；一直；永远

am/æm/ v. be的人称形式之一 

a.m./A.M.  n. 午前, 上午

amateur [ˈæmətə] a. 业余爱好的

amaze [əˈmeɪz] v. 惊奇, 惊叹；震惊

amazing [əˈmeɪzɪŋ] a.令人惊奇的,惊人的

ambassador [æmˈbæsədə] n.大使

ambiguous [æmˈbɪɡjʊəs] a. 模棱两可的

ambition [æmˈbɪʃən] n.目标,野心,雄心,抱负

ambulance [ˈæmbjʊləns] n. 救护车

America [əˈmerɪkə] * n. 美国；美洲

American [əˈmerɪkən] a.美国的；美国人的n. 美国人

among [əˈmʌŋ] prep. 在…中间；

在（三个以上）之间

amount [əˈmaʊnt] n. / v. 金额, 数量, 总计

ample [ˈæmpl] a. 足够的, 丰裕的

amuse [əˈmjuːz] vt.（使人）快乐, 逗乐

amusement [əˈmjuːzmənt] n. 娱乐

analys(z)e[ 'æn(ə)laɪz] v. 分析

analysis [əˈnæləsɪs] n. 分析, 分析结果

ancestor [ˈænsestə] n. 祖宗；祖先

anchor ['æŋkə] v. / n. 锚, 抛锚

ancient [ˈeɪnʃənt] a. 古代的, 古老的

and [ənd, ænd] conj. 和；又；而

anecdote [ˈænɪkdəʊt] n. 逸事, 趣闻

anger [ˈæŋɡə] n. 怒, 愤怒

angle [ˈæŋɡl] n. 角度

angry [ˈænɡrɪ] a. 生气的, 愤怒的

animal [ˈænɪməl] n. 动物

ankle [ˈæŋkl] n. 踝, 踝关节

anniversary [ænɪˈvɜːsərɪ] n. 周年纪念日

announce [əˈnaʊns] vt. 宣布, 宣告

announcement [əˈnaʊnsmənt] n. 通告, 通知

annoy [əˈnɔɪ] vt. （使）烦恼

annual [ˈænjʊəl] a. 每年的, 年度的,一年一次的

another [əˈnʌðə] a. 再一；另一；别的；

pron. 另一个

answer [ˈɑːnsə] n.解答,答复;回信;答案

v.解答,答复;回信;（作出）答案

ant [ænt] n. 蚂蚁

Antarctic [ænˈtɑːktɪk]a. 南极的

Antarctica [æn'tɑ:ktikə] * n.南极洲

antique [ænˈtiːk] n. 古董

anxiety [æŋˈzaɪətɪ] n. 担忧, 焦虑

anxious [ˈæŋkʃəs] a. 忧虑的, 焦急的

any [ˈenɪ] pron. （无论）哪一个；哪些任何的；用于疑问句、否定句）一些；什么

anybody [ˈenɪbɒdɪ] pron. 任何人, 无论谁

anyhow [ˈenɪhaʊ] ad. 不管怎样

anyone [ˈenɪwʌn] pron. 任何人, 无论谁

anything [ˈenɪθɪŋ] pron. 什么事（物）;何事（物）

anyway[ˈenɪweɪ]y ad. 不管怎样

anywhere [ˈenɪweə] ad. 任何地方

apart [əˈpɑːt] ad, / a. 相隔, 相距, 除外

apartment [əˈpɑːtmənt] n.（美）楼中单元房,

一套房间；房间

apologize [əˈpɒlədʒaɪz] vi. 道歉, 谢罪

apology [əˈpɒlədʒɪ] n. 道歉；歉意

apparent [əˈpærənt] a. 显而易见

appeal [əˈpiːl] v. 上诉, 申诉, 吸引力

appear [əˈpɪə] vi. 出现

appearance [əˈpɪərəns] n. 出现, 露面；容貌

appendix [əˈpendɪks]n. 附录, 阑尾

appetite [ˈæpɪtaɪt] n. 食欲, 胃口

applaud [əˈplɔːd] v. / n. 鼓掌,赞许,赞赏

apple [ˈæpl] n. 苹果

applicant [ˈæplɪkənt] n. 申请人

application [æplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 申请

apply [əˈplaɪ]v. 申请

appoint [əˈpɔɪnt] v. 任命, 委任, 安排,

确定（时间, 地点）

appointment [əˈpɔɪntmənt] n. 约会

appreciate [əˈpriːʃɪeɪt] v. 欣赏；感激

appreciation [əpriːʃɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 欣赏,鉴定,评估

approach [əˈprəʊtʃ] n. / v. 靠近,接近,建议, 要求

appropriate [əˈprəʊprɪət] a. 合适的, 恰当的

approve [əˈpruːv] v.赞成,同意,批准,通过

approximately [əprɒksɪˈmətlɪ] ad.近似, 大约

apron [ˈeɪprən] n. （机场的）停机坪;围裙

arbitrary [ˈɑːbɪtrərɪ] a.随心所欲的, 独裁的, 专断的

arch [ɑːtʃ] n. 拱, 拱门

architect [ˈɑːkɪtekt] n. 建筑师, 设计师

architecture[ˈɑːkɪtektʃə]n.建筑学,建筑设计,风格

April [ˈeɪpr(ə)l] n. 4月

Arab [ˈærəb] * a. 阿拉伯的 n. 阿拉伯人

Arabic [ˈærəbɪk] a. 阿拉伯语的 n. 阿拉伯语

Arctic [ˈɑːktɪk] a. 北极的

the Arctic [ˈɑːktɪk] 北极

the Arctic Ocean [ˈɑːktɪk ˈəʊʃ(ə)n] 北冰洋

are [ɑː] v.(be) 是

area [ˈeərɪə] n.面积;地域,地方,区域；范围,领域

argue [ˈɑːɡjuː]vi. 争辩, 争论

argument [ˈɑːɡjʊmənt] n. 争论, 辩论

arise (arose, arisen) [əˈraɪz] vi. 起来, 升起；出现

arithmetic [əˈrɪθmətɪk] n. 算术

arm [ɑːm] n. 臂；武器,武力；v.装备,武装

armchair [ɑːmˈtʃeə] n. 扶手椅

army [ˈɑːmɪ] n. 军队

around [əˈraʊnd] ad. 在周围；在附近

prep. 在……周围；大约

arrange [əˈreɪndʒ] v. 安排, 布置

arrangement [əˈreɪndʒmənt]n. 安排, 布置

arrest [əˈrest] v. 逮捕, 拘留

arrival [əˈraɪvl] n. 到来, 到达

arrive [əˈraɪv] vi. 到达；达到

arrow [ˈærəʊ] n. 箭；箭头

art [ɑːt] n. 艺术, 美术；技艺

article [ˈɑːtɪkl] n.文章;东西,物品;冠词

artificial [ɑːtɪˈfɪʃ(ə)l]a. 人工的, 人造的

artist [ˈɑːtɪst] n.艺术家

as [əz, æz] ad.& conj.像……一样；如同；因

prep. 作为, 当做

ash [æʃ] n. 灰；灰末

ashamed [əˈʃeɪmd] a. 惭愧；害臊

Asia [ˈeɪʃə]* n. 亚洲

Asian [ˈeɪʃ(ə)n, ˈeɪʒ(ə)n] a.亚洲(人)的n. 亚洲人

aside [əˈsaɪd] ad. 在旁边

ask [ɑːsk] v. 问；请求, 要求；邀请

asleep [əˈsliːp] a. 睡着的, 熟睡

aspect [ˈæspekt] n. 方面, 外观, 外表

assess [əˈses] v.评价,评定（性质,质量）

assessment [əˈsesmənt] n. 看法, 评价

assist [əˈsɪst]v. 帮助, 协助

assistance [əˈsɪst(ə)ns] n. 帮助, 援助, 支持

assistant [əˈsɪst(ə)nt] n. 助手, 助理

associate [əˈsəʊʃɪeɪt] v. 联想, 联系

association [əsəʊsɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 协会, 社团, 联系

assume [əˈsjuːm] v. 假定, 假设

assumption [əˈsʌmpʃ(ə)n] n. 假定, 假设

astonish [əˈstɒnɪʃ] vt. 使惊讶

astronaut [ˈæstrənɔːt] n. 宇航员

astronomer [əˈstrɒnəmə] n. 天文学家

astronomy [əˈstrɒnəmɪ] n. 天文学

at [æt] prep.在（几点钟）;在（某处）

athlete [ˈæθliːt] n. 运动员

athletic [æθˈletɪk] a. 健壮的,体育运动的

athletics [æθˈletɪks] n. 田径

Atlantic [ətˈlæntɪk] a. 大西洋的

the Atlantic Ocean [ətˈlæntɪk ˈəʊʃ(ə)n] 大西洋

atmosphere [ˈætməsfɪə] n. 大气；气氛

atom [ˈætəm] n. 原子, 微粒

attach [əˈtætʃ] v. 附着，贴上, 看重

attack [əˈtæk] vt. / n. 攻击, 袭击

attain [əˈteɪn] v.（经过努力）获得,得到

attempt [əˈtempt] vt. 试图, 尝试

attend [əˈtend] v. 看护, 照料, 服侍；出席, 参加

attention [əˈtenʃ(ə)n] n. 注意, 关心

attentively [ə'tentivli] ad. 注意地

attitude [ˈætɪtjuːd] n. 态度, 看法

attract [əˈtrækt] v. 吸引, 引起

attraction [əˈtrækʃ(ə)n] n. 吸引, 爱慕

attractive [əˈtræktɪv] a. 迷人的, 有吸引力的

audience [ˈɔːdɪəns] n. 观众, 听众

authentic [ɔːˈθentɪk] a. 真正的, 真品的；可信的

author [ˈɔːθə] n. 作者, 作家

authority [ɔːˈθɒrɪtɪ] n.权力,权威,威信,官方

automatic [ɔːtəˈmætɪk] a. 自动的, 机械的

autonomous [ɔːˈtɒnəməs] a. 自治的, 自主的

August [ˈɔːɡəst] n. 八月

aunt [ɑːnt] n. 伯母;舅母；婶；姑；姨

Australia [ɒˈstreɪljə] * n. 澳洲；澳大利亚

Australian [ɒˈstreɪlɪən] a. 澳洲的,,澳大利亚人的 n. 澳大利亚人

autumn [ˈɔːtəm] n. 秋天, 秋季

available [ə'veɪləbl] a. 可获得的, 有空的

avenue [ˈævənjuː] n. 大道

average [ˈævərɪdʒ] a.平均；普通的 n.平均数

avoid [əˈvɔɪd] v. 避免, 躲开, 逃避

awake (awoke, awoken) [əˈweɪk] v. 唤醒,醒着的

award [wɔːd] n. 奖品, 奖励

aware [əˈweə] a. 知道, 意识到, 发觉

away [əˈweɪ] ad. 离开；远离

awesome [ˈɔːsəm] a.令人惊叹的,很困难的

awful [ˈɔːfʊl] a.很坏的, 极讨厌的

awkward [ˈɔːkwəd] a.令人尴尬,使人难堪的

baby [ˈbeɪbɪ] n. 婴儿

bachelor [ˈbætʃələ] n. 未婚男子, 单身汉；学士

back [bæk] ad. 回（原处）；向后 a. 后面的

n. 背后, 后部；背

backache [ˈbækeɪk] n. 背痛

background [ˈbækɡraʊnd] n. 背景

backward [ˈbækwəd] ad. 向后

bacon [ˈbeɪkən] n. 咸猪肉；熏猪肉 

bacterium [bækˈtɪərɪəm] (复bacteria) n. 细菌

bad (worse, worst) [bæd] a. 坏的；有害的,

不利的；严重的

badly [ˈbædlɪ] ad. 坏, 恶劣地

badminton [ˈbædmɪntən] n. 羽毛球

bag [bæɡ] n. 书包；提包；袋子

baggage [ˈbæɡɪdʒ] n. 行李

bake [beɪk] v. 烤；烘（面包）

bakery [ˈbeɪkərɪ] n. 面包店

balance [ˈbæləns] n. 平衡

balcony [ˈbælkənɪ] n. 阳台；楼座

ball [bɔːl] n. 球 n. 舞会

ballet [ˈbæleɪ] n. 芭蕾舞

balloon [bəˈluːn] n. 气球

bamboo [bæmˈbuː] n. 竹

ban [bæn] n. 禁令 v. 禁止；取缔

banana [bəˈnɑːnə] n. 香蕉

band [bænd] n. 乐队

bandage [ˈbændɪdʒ] n. 绷带

bang [bæŋ] int. 砰

bank [bæŋk] n.（河海湖的）岸, 堤 n. 银行

bank account [bæŋk əˈkaʊnt] n. 银行账户

bar [bɑː] n. 条（长方）块, 棒, 横木

n.（酒店的）买酒柜台;酒吧;（卖东西的）柜台

barbecue [ˈbɑːbɪkjuː] n. 烤肉野餐

barber [ˈbɑːbə] n. （为男人理发）理发师

barbershop/ `bɑrbər,ʃɑp / n. 理发店

bare [beə] a. 裸露的, 光秃秃的

bargain [ˈbɑːɡɪn] v. 讨价还价；

n.（经讨价还价后）成交的商品；便宜货

bark [bɑːk] v. 狗叫 n. 狗叫声

barrier ['bærɪə] n. 屏障, 障碍, 关卡

base [beɪs] n. 根据地, 基地（棒球）垒

baseball [ˈbeɪsbɔːl] n. 棒球

basement [ˈbeɪsmənt] n. 地下室

basic [ˈbeɪsɪk] a. 基本的

basin [ˈbeɪs(ə)n] n. 水盆, 脸盆

basis [ˈbeɪsɪs] n. 基础；底部；主要成分；

基本原则或原理

basket [ˈbɑːskɪt] n. 篮子

basketball [ˈbɑːskɪtbɔːl] n. 篮球

bat [bæt] n. （棒球、板球的）球棒 n. 蝙蝠

bath [bɑːθ] n. 洗澡；浴室；澡盆

bathe [beɪð] vi. 洗澡；游泳

bathrobe [ˈbɑːθrəʊb] n. 浴衣

bathroom [ˈbɑːθruːm] n. 浴室, 盥洗室

bathtub ['bɑ:θtʌb] n. 澡盆

battery [ˈbætərɪ] n. 电池

battle [ˈbætl] n. 战斗；战役

battleground [ˈbætlɡraʊnd] n. 战场

bay [beɪ] n. 湾；海湾

BC/ˌbiːˈsiː/ n. 公元前

be [biː] v. 是（原形）,其人称和时态形式有(am, is, are, was, were, being, been)；成为

beach [biːtʃ] n. 海滨, 海滩

beam [biːm] n. 平衡木

bean [biːn] n. 豆, 豆科植物

beancurd ['bi:nkə:d] n. 豆腐

bear [beə] v. 承受,负担,承担；忍受；容忍 n. 熊

beard [bɪəd] n.（下巴上的）胡须

beast [biːst]n. 野兽；牲畜

beat (beat, beaten) [biːt] v. 敲打；跳动；打赢

n.（音乐）节拍

beautiful [ˈbjuːtɪf(ə)l] a. 美, 美丽, 美观的

beauty [ˈbjuːtɪ] n. 美丽, 美人

because [bɪˈkɒz] conj. 因为

become (became, be come) [bɪˈkʌm] v.变得;成为

bed [bed] n. 床

bedclothes [ˈbedkləʊðz] n.铺盖（被褥等）

beddings [ˈbedɪŋ] n.卧具, 铺盖

bedroom [ˈbedruːm] n. 寝室, 卧室

bee [biː] n.. 蜜蜂

beef [biːf] n. 牛肉

beehive [ˈbiːhaɪv] n.蜂箱

beer [bɪə] n. 啤酒

before [bɪˈfɔː] prep. 在…以前；在…前面

ad. 以前; conj. 在…之前

beg [beɡ] v. 请求, 乞求, 乞讨 

begin(began,begun) [bɪˈɡɪn] v.开始,着手

beginning [bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ] n. 开始, 开端

behalf [bɪˈhɑːf] n. 代表某人, 为了某人

behave [bɪˈheɪv] v. 守规矩, 行为

behaviour/ bɪ`heɪvjər / n. 行为, 举止

behind [bɪˈhaɪnd]prep. (表示位置)在…后面

ad. 在后面；向后

being [ˈbiːɪŋ] n. 物；生物；人

Belgium [ˈbeldʒəm] * n. 比利时

belief [bɪˈliːf] n. 信条, 信念

believe [bɪˈliːv] v. 相信, 认为

bell [bel] n. 钟,铃;钟(铃)声;钟形物

belly [ˈbelɪ] n. 肚子

belong [bɪˈlɒŋ] vi. 属, 附属

below [bɪˈləʊ] prep. 在……下面

belt [belt] n.（皮）带

bench [bentʃ] n. 长凳；工作台

bend (bent, bent) [bend] vt. 使弯曲

beneath [bɪˈniːθ] prep. 在…下方（面）

beneficial [benɪˈfɪʃ(ə)l] a. 有利的, 有帮助的, 有用的

benefit [ˈbenɪfɪt] n. / v.优势,益处,使…受益

bent [bent] a. 弯的

beside [bɪˈsaɪd] prep. 在…旁边；靠近

besides [bɪˈsaɪdz] prep. 除…以外（还有）

ad. 还有, 此外

best（good, well 的最高级） [best] a. & ad.

最好的；最好地, 最 n. 最好的（人或物）

best-seller [best ˈselə] n. 畅销书

better (good, well 的比较级) [ˈbetə] a.& ad.

较好的, 更好的；好些；更好地；更,

chain store(s) [tʃeɪn stɔː(z)] 连锁店

chair [tʃeə] n. 椅子

chairman [ˈtʃeəmən] (pl. chairmen) n. 主席,

会长；议长

chairwoman (pl. chairwomen) ['tʃɛəˌwumən] n. 女主席, 女会长；女议长

chalk [tʃɔːk] n. 粉笔

challenge [ˈtʃælɪndʒ] n.挑战(性)

challenging [ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ] a.具有挑战性的

champion [ˈtʃæmpɪən] n. 冠军, 优胜者

chance [tʃɑːns] n. 机会, 可能性

changeable [ˈtʃeɪndʒəbl] a.易变的,变化无常的

change [tʃeɪndʒ] n. 零钱；找头

v. 改变, 变化；更换；兑换

channel [ˈtʃæn(ə)l] n.频道；通道；水渠

chant [tʃɑːnt] v./ n.圣歌，赞美诗；咏唱

chaos [ˈkeɪɒs] n. 混乱, 杂乱, 紊乱

character [ˈkærɪktə] n.（汉）字.字体；品格；

性格；人物

characteristic [kærɪktəˈrɪstɪk] a. 典型的, 独特的

charge [tʃɑːdʒ] v. 要求收费；索价；

将(电池)充电 n. 费用；价钱

chapter [ˈtʃæptə] n. 章

chart [tʃɑːt] n. 图表；航海图

chat [tʃæt] n. & vi. 聊天, 闲谈

cheap [tʃiːp] a. 便宜的, 贱的

cheat [tʃiːt] n. & v. 骗取, 哄骗；作弊

check [tʃek] n. 检查；批改

vt. 校对, 核对；检查；批改

cheek [tʃiːk] n. 面颊, 脸蛋

cheer [tʃɪə] n. & vi.欢呼；喝彩

Cheer up [tʃɪə ʌp] 振作起来！提起精神！

cheerful [ˈtʃɪəfʊl] a.兴高采烈的, 快活的

cheers [tʃɪəz] int. 干杯

cheese [tʃiːz] n. 奶酪

chef [ʃef] n. 厨师长, 主厨

chemical [ˈkemɪkəl] a. 化学的 n. 化学品

chemist [ˈkemɪst] n. 药剂师；化学家

chemistry [ˈkemɪstrɪ] n. 化学

cheque [tʃek] (美check) n. 支票

chess [tʃes] n. 棋

chest [tʃest] n.胸部；箱子；盒子

chew [tʃuː] vt. 咀嚼

chick [tʃɪk] n. 小鸡

chicken [ˈtʃɪkən] n. 鸡；鸡肉

chief [tʃiːf] a. 主要,首要的 n.领导, 头

child (复children) [tʃaɪld] n. 孩子, 儿童

childhood [ˈtʃaɪldhʊd] n. 幼年时代, 童年

chimney [ˈtʃɪmnɪ] n. 烟囱, 烟筒

China [ˈtʃaɪnə] n. 中国

Chinese [tʃaɪˈniːz] a.中国的;中国人的；中国话的, 汉语的 n.中国人；中国话, 汉语, 中文

chips [tʃɪps] n. (pl.)炸土豆条（片）

chocolate [ˈtʃɒklət] n. 巧克力

choice [tʃɔɪs] n. 选择；抉择

choir [ˈkwaɪə] n. (教堂的) 唱诗班；合唱队；

舞蹈队

choke [tʃəʊk] n. & v. 窒息

choose (chose, chosen) [tʃuːz] vt. 选择

chopsticks [ˈtʃɒpstɪks] n. 筷子

chorus [ˈkɔːrəs] n. 合唱队；齐声；歌舞队

Christian [ˈkrɪstɪən] n. 基督教徒和天主教徒的总称

Christmas [ˈkrɪsməs] Day n. 圣诞节（12月25日）

Christmas card [ˈkrɪsməs kɑːd] 圣诞卡

Christmas Eve [ˈkrɪsməs iːv] 圣诞（前）夜

church [tʃɜːtʃ] n. 教堂；教会

cigar [sɪˈɡɑː] n. 雪茄烟

cigarette [sɪɡəˈret] n. 纸烟, 香烟

cinema [ˈsɪnəmə] n. 电影院；电影

circle [ˈsɜːkl] n. /vt. 圆圈;将…圈起来

circuit [ˈsɜːkɪt] n. 环形路线, 巡回赛

circulate [ˈsɜːkjʊleɪt] v.(液体或气体)环流,循环

circumstance [ˈsɜːkəmstəns] n.条件,环境,状况

circus [ˈsɜːkəs] n. 马戏团

citizen [ˈsɪtɪz(ə)n] n. 公民；居民

city [ˈsɪtɪ] n. 市, 城市, 都市

civil [ˈsɪvəl] a.国内的；平民（非军人）的；民用的

civilian [sɪˈvɪlɪən] n. 平民, 老百姓

civilization [sɪvɪlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 文明

clap [klæp] vi. 拍手；鼓掌

clarify [ˈklærɪfaɪ] v. 澄清, 阐明

class [klɑːs] n.（学校的）班;年级;课

classic [ˈklæsɪk] a. 一流的, 典型的,有代表性的

classical [ˈklæsɪk(ə)l] a. 传统的；古典的

classify [ˈklæsɪfaɪ] v. 分类, 归类

classmate [ˈklɑːsmeɪt] n. 同班同学

classroom [ˈklɑːsruːm] n. 教室

claw [klɔː] n. 爪

clay [kleɪ] n. 黏土, 陶土

clean [kliːn] vt. 弄干净, 擦干净清洁的, 干净的

cleaner [kliːnə] n.清洁工.,清洁器.,清洁剂

clear [klɪə] a. 清晰；明亮的；清楚的

clearly [ˈklɪəlɪ] ad. 清楚地, 无疑地

clerk [klɑːk] n.书记员;办事员;职员

clever [ˈklevə] a. 聪明的, 伶俐的

click [klɪk] v. 点击（计算机用语）

climate [ˈklaɪmɪt] n. 气候

climb [klaɪm] v. 爬, 攀登

clinic [ˈklɪnɪk] n. 诊所

clock [klɒk] n. 钟

clone [kləʊn] n.克隆（无性繁殖出来的有机体群）

close [kləʊz] a. 亲密的；近, 靠近 ad. 近, 靠近 vt. 关, 关闭

cloth [klɒθ] n. 布

clothes [kləʊðz] n. 衣服；各种衣物

clothing [ˈkləʊðɪŋ] n. (总称) 衣服

cloud [klaʊd] n. 云；云状物；阴影

cloudy [ˈklaʊdɪ] a. 多云的, 阴天的

club [klʌb] n. 俱乐部；纸牌中的梅花

clumsy [ˈklʌmzɪ] a. 笨拙的, 不灵巧的

coach [kəʊtʃ] n. 教练；马车；长途车

coal [kəʊl] n. 煤；煤块

coast [kəʊst] n. 海岸；海滨

coat [kəʊt] n. 外套；涂层；表皮；皮毛

vt. 给……穿外套；涂上

cock [kɒk] n. 公鸡

cocoa [ˈkəʊkəʊ] n. 可可粉

coffee [ˈkɒfɪ] n. 咖啡

coin [kɔɪn] n. 硬币

coincidence [kəʊɪnˈsɪdəns] n. 巧合, 巧事

coke [kəʊk] n. 可口可乐

cold [kəʊld] a. 冷的, 寒的 n. 寒冷；感冒, 伤风

cold-blooded [kəʊld blʌdɪd] a. (动物) 冷血的

collar [ˈkɒlə] n. 衣领；硬领

colleague [ˈkɒliːɡ] n. 同事

collect [kəˈlekt] vt. 收集, 搜集

collection [kəˈlekʃ(ə)n] n. 收藏品, 收集物

college [ˈkɒlɪdʒ] n. 学院；专科学校

collision [kəˈlɪʒ(ə)n] n. 碰撞事故

colour (美color) ['kʌlə] n. 颜色vt.给…着色,涂色

comb [kəʊm] n. 梳子 v. 梳

combine [kəmˈbaɪn] vt. 使联合；使结合

come (came, come) [kʌm] vi. 来, 来到

comedy [ˈkɒmədɪ] n. 喜剧

comfort [ˈkʌmfət] n. 安慰；慰问

comfortable [ˈkʌmfətəbl] a. 舒服的；安逸的；

舒服自在的

command [kəˈmɑːnd] n.& v.命令

comment [ˈkɒment] n. 评论

commercial [kə'mɜːʃ(ə)l]贸易的, 商业的

commit [kəˈmɪt] v.犯（罪, 错）, 自杀；委托

commitment [kəˈmɪtmənt] n. 承诺,允诺,委托

committee [kəˈmɪtɪ] n. 委员会

common [ˈkɒmən] a. 普通, 一般；共有的

communicate [kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt] v. 交际；

传达（感情, 信息等）

communication [kəmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] n.交际,交往; 通讯

communism [ˈkɒmjʊnɪzəm] n. 共产主义

communist [ˈkɒmjuːnɪst] n. 共产主义者；共产党的；共产主义的

compact [kəm'pækt] n.合同,契约;小粉盒；紧密的,紧凑的；简洁的；vt. 使简洁;使紧密结合;

companion [kəmˈpænɪən] n. 同伴；同事

company [ˈkʌmpənɪ] n. 公司

compare [kəmˈpeə] vt. 比较, 对照

compass [ˈkʌmpəs] n. 罗盘, 指南针

compensate [ˈkɒmpenseɪt] v. 补偿, 弥补

compete [kəmˈpiːt] vi. 比赛, 竞赛

competence [ˈkɒmpətəns] n.能力,胜任,管辖权

competition [kɒmpəˈtɪʃ(ə)n] n. 比赛, 竞赛

competitor [kəmˈpetɪtə] n. 竞赛者, 比赛者

complete [kəmˈpliːt] a. 完成vt. 完成, 结束

complex [ˈkɒmpleks]a. / n. 复杂的, 建筑群

component [kəmˈpəʊnənt] n. 组成部分, 部件

composition [kɒmpəˈzɪʃ(ə)n] n. 作文；作曲

comprehension [kɒmprɪˈhenʃ(ə)n] n. 理解

compromise [ˈkɒmprəmaɪz] v. 妥协,折中,让步

compulsory [kəmˈpʌlsərɪ] a. 强制的,必须做的

computer [kəmˈpjuːtə] n. 电子计算机

computer game [kəmˈpjuːtə ɡeɪm] 电子游戏

comrade [ˈkɒmrɪd] n. 同志

concentrate [ˈkɒnsəntreɪt] v. 聚精会神

concept [ˈkɒnsept] n. 概念

concern [kənˈsɜːn] v. / n. 涉及, 关心

concert [ˈkɒnsət] n. 音乐会；演奏会

conclude [kənˈkluːd] v. 完成, 结束

conclusion [kənˈkluːʒ(ə)n] n. 结论；结束

concrete [ˈkɒŋkriːt] a. 混凝土制的

condition [kənˈdɪʃ(ə)n] n. 条件, 状况

condemn [kənˈdem] v. 谴责, 指责, 宣判

conduct [ˈkɒndʌkt] vt. 引导, 带领

conductor [kənˈdʌktə] n. 管理人；指导者；

（车上的）售票员, 列车员；乐队指挥

confident [ˈkɒnfɪdənt] a. 自信的

conference [ˈkɒnfərəns] n. (正式的)会议；讨论

confirm [kənˈfɜːm] v. 证实, 证明, 确认

conflict [ˈkɒnflɪkt] n. 冲突, 争执, 争论

confuse [kənˈfjuːz] v. 使迷惑, 混淆

congratulate [kənˈɡrætjʊleɪt] vt. 祝贺

congratulation [kənɡrætjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n] n. 祝贺,庆贺

connect [kəˈnekt] v. 连接, 把…联系起来

connection [kəˈnekʃ(ə)n] n.连接物;接触,联系

conscience [ˈkɒnʃəns] n. 良心, 良知, 内疚

consensus [kənˈsensəs] n. 一致意见, 共识；舆论

consequence [ˈkɒnsɪkwəns] n. 结果, 后果

conservation [kɒnsəˈveɪʃ(ə)n] n 保存；

（自然资源的）保护, 管理

conservative [kənˈsɜːvətɪv] a. 保守的, 守旧的；保守主义的；谨慎的 n.保守的人, 保守主义

consider [kənˈsɪdə] vt. 考虑

considerate [kənˈsɪdərət] a. 体贴的

consist [kənˈsɪst] v. 包含, 组成, 构成

consistent [kənˈsɪst(ə)nt] a. 一致的, 始终如一的, 连续的

constant [ˈkɒnstənt] a. 经常的, 不断的

constitution [kɒnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n] n. 宪法, 章程,

身体素质

construct [kənˈstrʌkt] v. 构筑；建造, 建设

construction [kənˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n] n.建造,建设,建筑物

consult [kənˈsʌlt] v. 咨询, 商量

consultant [kənˈsʌltənt] n. 顾问

consume [kən'sjuːm]v.消耗, 耗费（燃料, 能量, 时间等）

contain [kənˈteɪn] v. 包含；包括；能容纳

container [kənˈteɪnə] n. 容器

contemporary [kənˈtempərərɪ] a.现代的,当代的,属同时期的; n.同代人

content [kənˈtent] a.甘愿的,满意的 n.内容

continent [ˈkɒntɪnənt] n. 大陆, 大洲；陆地

continue [kənˈtɪnjuː] vi. 继续

contradict [kɒntrəˈdɪkt] v. 反驳, 驳斥, 批驳

contradictory [ˌkɒntrə'diktəri]a.相互矛盾,对立的

contrary [ˈkɒntrərɪ] n.相反; a.相反的

contribute [kənˈtrɪbjuːt] v. 贡献

contribution [kɒnˈtrɪbjuːt] n. 贡献

control [kən'trəʊl] vt.& n. 控制

controversial [kɒntrəˈvɜːʃ(ə)l] a.引起争论的,

有争议的

convenience [kənˈviːnɪəns] n. 便利

convenient [kənˈviːnɪənt] a. 便利的, 方便的

conventional [kənˈvenʃən(ə)l] a. 依照惯例的, 习惯的

conversation [kɒnvəˈseɪʃ(ə)n] n. 谈话, 交谈

convey [kənˈveɪ] v. 表达, 传递（思想, 感情等）

convince [kənˈvɪns] v. 使确信, 使信服

cook [kʊk] n.炊事员,厨师 v.烹调,做饭

cooker [ˈkʊkə] n. 炊具(锅、炉灶、烤炉等)

cookie [ˈkʊkɪ] n. 小甜饼

cool [kuːl] a. 凉的, 凉爽的；酷

copy [ˈkɒpɪ] n. 抄本, 副本；一本（份, 册……） v.抄写;复印;（计算机用语）拷（备份盘）

coral ['kɒr(ə)l] n. 珊瑚；珊瑚虫

corn [kɔːn] n. 玉米, 谷物

corner [ˈkɔːnə] n. 角；角落；拐角

corporation [kɔːpəˈreɪʃ(ə)n] n. （大）公司;团体

correct [kəˈrekt] v. 改正；纠正 a. 正确的, 对的；恰当的

correction [kəˈrekʃ(ə)n] n. 改正

correspond [kɒrɪˈspɒnd] vi. 一致；与……相当；(与人)通信, 有书信往来

corrupt [kəˈrʌpt] a. / v. 贪污的, 腐败的,

使腐化, 堕落

cost (cost, cost) [kɒst] v.值（钱）,花费 n.价格

cosy ['kəuzi] a.暖和舒适的,亲密无间的

cottage [ˈkɒtɪdʒ] n. (郊外)小屋,村舍,别墅

cotton [ˈkɒtən] n. 棉花

cough [kɒf] n.& vi. 咳嗽

could[kʊd] modal v.（can的过去式）可以…；

（表示许可或请求）可以…, 行

count [kaʊnt] vt. 数, 点数

counter [ˈkaʊntə] n. 柜台, 结账处

country [ˈkʌntrɪ] n. 国家；农村, 乡下

countryside [ˈkʌntrɪsaɪd] n. 乡下, 农村

couple [ˈkʌpl] n. 夫妇, 一对

courage [ˈkʌrɪdʒ] n. 勇气；胆略

course [kɔːs] n. 课程；过程；经过

court [kɔːt] n. 法庭；法院

courtyard [ˈkɔːtjɑːd] n. 庭院, 院子

cousin [ˈkʌzən] n. 堂（表）兄弟, 堂（表）姐妹

cover [ˈkʌvə] n. 盖子；罩 v. 覆盖, 遮盖；掩盖

cow [kaʊ] n. 母牛, 奶牛

cowboy [ˈkaʊbɔɪ] n.（美国）牛仔;牧场骑士

co-worker [ˈkəʊ ˈwɜːkə] n. 合作者；同事

crash [kræʃ] v. / n. 碰撞, 撞击

crayon [ˈkreɪən] n 蜡笔；蜡笔画

crazy [ˈkreɪzɪ] a. 疯狂的

cream [kriːm] n. 奶油, 乳脂

create [kriːˈeɪt] vt. 创造；造成

survivcredit [ˈkredɪt] n. 信用；信赖；信誉

crime [kraɪm] n. （法律上的）罪, 犯罪

criminal [ˈkrɪmɪn(ə)l] n. 罪犯

crew [kruː] n. 全体船员

criterion (pl. criteria) [kraɪˈtɪərɪən] n.衡量标准, 准则, 原则，尺度

crop [krɒp] n. 庄稼；收成

cross [krɒs] a. 脾气不好的, 易怒的

n. 十字形的东西 vt. 越过；穿过

crossing [ˈkrɒsɪŋ] n. 十字路口, 人行横道

crossroads [ˈkrɒsrəʊd] n. 交叉路口

crowd [kraʊd] n. 人群 vt. 拥挤, 群聚

crowded [ˈkraʊdɪd] a. 拥挤的

cruel [ˈkruːəl] a. 残忍的, 残酷的；无情的

cry [kraɪ] n. 叫喊；哭声 v. 喊叫；哭

cube [kjuːb] n. 立方体

cubic [ˈkjuːbɪk] a.立方体的, 立方形的

cuisine [kwɪˈziːn] n.烹调（法）,佳肴

culture [ˈkʌltʃə] n. 文化

cup [kʌp] n. 茶杯

cupboard [ˈkʌbəd] n. 碗柜；橱柜

cure [kjʊə] n. & vt. 治疗；医好

curious [ˈkjʊərɪəs] a. 好奇的；奇异的

currency [ˈkʌrənsɪ] n. 货币；现金

curriculum [kəˈrɪkjʊləm] n.（学校的）全部课程

curtain [ˈkɜːt(ə)n] n. 窗帘

cushion [ˈkʊʃ(ə)n] n. 垫子

custom [ˈkʌstəm] n. 习惯, 习俗, 风俗习惯

customer [ˈkʌstəmə] n. （商店）顾客, 主顾

customs [ˈkʌstəm] n. 海关, 关税

cut (cut, cut) [kʌt] v. / n. 切, 剪, 削, 割, 伤口

cycle [ˈsaɪkl] vi. 骑自行车

cyclist [ˈsaɪklɪst] n. 骑自行车的人

dad = daddy [dæd] n.（口）爸爸, 爹爹

daily [ˈdeɪlɪ] a. 每日的；日常的 ad.每天 n.日报

dam [dæm] n. 水坝, 堰堤

damage [ˈdæmɪdʒ] n.& vt. 毁坏, 损害

damp [dæmp] a. & n. 潮湿（的）

dance [dɑːns] n.& vi. 跳舞

danger [ˈdeɪndʒə] n. 危险

dangerous [ˈdeɪndʒərəs] a. 危险的

dare [deə] v.& aux..（后接不带to的不定式；

主要用于疑问, 否定或条件句）敢, 敢于

dark [dɑːk] n. 黑暗；暗处；日暮

黑暗的；暗淡的；深色的

darkness [ˈdɑːknɪs] n. 黑暗, 阴暗

dash [dæʃ] v. & n. 快跑, 冲刺, 短跑

data [ˈdeɪtə] n. 资料, 数据

database ['deɪtəbeɪs] n. 资料库, 数据库

date [deɪt] n. 日期；约会 n.枣

daughter [ˈdɔːtə] n. 女儿

dawn [dɔːn] n. 黎明, 拂晓

day [deɪ] n.（一）天, （一）日；白天

daylight [ˈdeɪlaɪt] n. 日光, 白昼；黎明

dead [ded] a. 死的；无生命的

deadline [ˈdedlaɪn] n.最后期限, 截止日期

deaf [def] a. 聋的

deal [diːl] vt. 处理；给予；分配；

vi. 处理；讨论；对待；做生意

n. 交易；（美）政策；待遇；量;数量

dear [dɪə] int.（表示惊愕）哎呀！唷！

亲爱的；贵的

death [deθ] n. 死

debate [dɪˈbeɪt] n. & v.讨论, 辩论

debt [det] n. 债务；欠款

decade [ˈdekeɪd] n. 十年期

December [dɪˈsembə] n. 12月

decide [dɪˈsaɪd] v. 决定；下决心

decision [dɪˈsɪʒ(ə)n] n. 决定；决心

declare [dɪˈkleə] vt. 声明；断言

decline [dɪˈklaɪn] v. 减少,下降,衰退,谢绝

decorate [ˈdekəreɪt] vt.装饰…, 修饰…

decoration [dekəˈreɪʃ(ə)n] n.装饰, 修饰

decrease [dɪˈkriːs] v.减少, 减小, 降低

deed [diːd] n. 行为；事迹

deep [diːp] a. 深的 ad. 深深地（具体的深）

deeply [ˈdiːplɪ] ad. 深深地（抽象的深）

deer [dɪə] n. 鹿

defeat [dɪˈfiːt] vt. 击败；战胜

defence (美defense) [di'fens] n. & v.防御;防务

defend [dɪˈfend] vt. 防守；保卫

degree [dɪˈɡriː] n. 程度；度数；学位

delay [dɪˈleɪ] v.& n.拖延,延误,延迟, 延期；耽搁

delete [dɪˈliːt] v. 删去

deliberately [dɪˈlɪbərətlɪ] ad.故意,蓄意,存心

delicate [ˈdelɪkət] a.易损的, 易碎的

delicious [dɪˈlɪʃəs] a. 美味的, 可口的

delight [dɪˈlaɪt] n. 快乐；乐事

delighted [di'laitid] a. 高兴的, 快乐的

deliver [dɪˈlɪvə] vt. 投递（信件, 邮包等）

demand [dɪˈmɑːnd] vt. 要求

dentist [ˈdentɪst] n. 牙科医生 

department(缩Dept.) [dɪˈpɑːtmənt] n. 部门；

（机关的）司, 处；（大学的）系

department -store [dɪˈpɑːtmənt-stɔː] n.百货商场

departure [dɪˈpɑːtʃə] n. 离开, 启程

depend [dɪˈpend] vi. 依靠, 依赖, 指望；取决于

deposit [dɪˈpɒzɪt] v. / n. 订金, 押金, 放下,

放置, 储存

depth [depθ] n. 深, 深度

describe [dɪˈskraɪb] vt. 描写, 叙述

description [dɪˈskrɪpʃən] n. 描述, 描写

desert ['dezət] n. 沙漠

desert [dɪˈzɜːt] vt. 舍弃;遗弃;逃跑

deserve [dɪˈzɜːv] v.(不用于进行时态）应得,应受

design [dɪˈzaɪn] n.& vt. n. 设计, 策划图案,

图样, 样式

desire [dɪˈzaɪə] vt. & n. 要求；期望

desk [desk] n. 书桌, 写字台

desperate [ˈdespərət] a.（因绝望而）不惜冒险的, 不顾一切的, 拼命的

dessert [dɪˈzɜːt] n. 甜点

destination [destɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n] n.目的地, 终点

destroy [dɪˈstrɔɪ] vt. 破坏, 毁坏

detective [dɪˈtektɪv] n. 侦探

determination [dɪtɜːmɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n] n. 决心

determine [dɪˈtɜːmɪn] vt. 决定；决心

develop [dɪˈveləp] v. （使）发展；（使）发达；（使）发育；开发 vt. 冲洗（照片）

development [dɪˈveləpmənt] n. 发展, 发达,

发育, 开发

devote [dɪˈvəʊt] vt. 把…奉献, 把…专用（于）

devotion [dɪˈvəʊʃ(ə)n] n. 奉献, 奉献精神

diagram [ˈdaɪəɡræm] n. 图表, 图样

dial [ˈdaɪəl] vt. 拨（电话号码）

dialogue (美 dialog) [ˈdaɪəlɒɡ] n. 对话

diamond [ˈdaɪəmənd] n. 钻石, 金刚石；

纸牌中的方块

diary [ˈdaɪərɪ] n. 日记；日记簿

dictation [dɪkˈteɪʃ(ə)n] n. 听写

dictionary [ˈdɪkʃənərɪ] n. 词典, 字典

die [daɪ] v. 死

diet [daɪ] n. 饮食

differ [ˈdɪfə] v. 相异, 有区别

difference [ˈdɪfrəns] n. 不同

different [ˈdɪfrənt] a. 不同的, 有差异的

difficult [ˈdɪfɪkəlt] a.难的；艰难的；不易相处的

difficulty [ˈdɪfɪkəltɪ] n. 困难, 费力

dig (dug, dug) [dɪɡ] v. 挖（洞沟）,掘

digest [dɪˈdʒest]v.消化, 领会

digital [ˈdɪdʒɪt(ə)l] a. .数字的, 数码的

dignity [ˈdɪɡnɪtɪ] n. 庄重, 庄严,尊严；尊贵,高尚

dilemma [dɪˈlemə] n.（进退两难的）窘境,困境

dimension [daɪˈmenʃ(ə)n] n.量度, 尺寸, 面积,

程度, 范围

dine [daɪn] v. 吃饭；（指正式）进餐

dining-room ['daɪnɪŋ-rʊm] 食堂, 饭厅

dinner [ˈdɪnə] n. 正餐, 宴会

dinosaur [ˈdaɪnəsɔː] n. 恐龙

dioxide [daɪˈɒksaɪd] n.二氧化物

dip [dɪp] vt. 浸, 蘸；把…放入又取出

diploma [dɪˈpləʊmə] n.毕业文凭；学位证书

direct [dɪˈrekt] a. / vt. 直接的；直达的；直截了当的指挥；指导；监督；管理；

指挥（演奏）；导演（电影）

direction [dɪˈrekʃ(ə)n] n. 方向；方位

director [dɪˈrektə] n. 所长,处长,主任;董事;导演

directory [dɪˈrektərɪ] n. 姓名地址录（通讯录）

dirt [dɜːt] n. 污物；脏物

dirty [ˈdɜːtɪ] a. 脏的

disability [dɪsəˈbɪlɪtɪ] n.. 残疾；无能

disabled [dɪsˈeɪbld] a. 残废的, 残疾的

disadvantage [dɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ] n. 不利条件；弱点

disagree [dɪsəˈɡriː] vi. 意见不一致, 持不同意见

disagreement [dɪsəˈɡriːmənt] n. 意见不一致；

相违；争论

disappear [dɪsəˈpɪə] vi. 消失

disappoint [dɪsəˈpɔɪnt]vt. 使失望

disappointment [dɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt] n. 失望；沮丧

disaster [dɪˈzɑːstə] n.灾难;祸患

discount [ˈdɪskaʊnt] n. 折扣

discourage [dɪˈskʌrɪdʒ] vt. （使）气馁；

打消（做…的念头）

discover [dɪˈskʌvə] vt. 发现

discovery [dɪˈskʌvərɪ] n. 发现

discrimination [dɪskrɪmɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n] n. 歧视

discuss [dɪsˈkʌs] vt. 讨论, 议论

discussion [dɪsˈkʌʃ(ə)n] n. 讨论, 辩论

disease [dɪˈziːz] n. 病, 疾病

disgusting [dɪsˈɡʌstɪŋ] a.极糟的, 令人不快的, 令人厌恶的

dish [dɪʃ] n. 盘, 碟；盘装菜；盘形物

disk =disc [dɪsk] n. 磁盘

dislike [dɪsˈlaɪk] vt. 不喜爱；厌恶

dismiss [dɪsˈmɪs] vt. 让…离开；遣散；

解散；解雇

disobey [dɪsəˈbeɪ] vt. 不服从，违反

distance [ˈdɪstəns] n. 距离

distant [ˈdɪst(ə)nt] a. 远的, 遥远的

distinction [dɪˈstɪŋkʃ(ə)n] n.区分,差异;特征;名誉

distinguish [dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ] v. 区分, 分清；使杰出

distribute [dɪˈstrɪbjuːt] v. 分发, 分配

district [ˈdɪstrɪkt] n. 区；地区；区域

disturb [dɪˈstɜːb] vt. 扰乱；打扰

disturbing [dɪˈstɜːbɪŋ] a.令人不安的,引起恐慌的

dive [daɪv] vi. 跳水

diverse [daɪˈvɜːs] v. 不同的, 多种多样,

形形色色的

divide [dɪˈvaɪd] vt. 分, 划分

division [dɪˈvɪʒ(ə)n] n.（算术用语）除

divorce [dɪˈvɔːs] v. 离婚

dizzy [ˈdɪzɪ] a. 头眩目晕的

do (did, done) [dʊ, duː] v. & aux. 做, 干（用以构成疑问句及否定句。第三人称单数现在时用does）不做, 不干

doctor [ˈdɒktə] n. 医生, 大夫；博士

document [ˈdɒkjʊmənt] n. 文件；文献

v.用文件记载

does doesn't = does not v.

动词do的第三人称单数现在式

dog [dɒɡ] n. 狗

doll [dɒl]n. 玩偶, 玩具娃娃

dollar ['dɒlə] n.元（美国、加拿大、

澳大利亚等国货币单位）

door [dɔː] n. 门

dormitory [ˈdɔːmɪtərɪ] n.

学生宿舍（缩写式dorm）

dot [dɒt] n. 点, 小点, 圆点

double [ˈdʌbl] a. 两倍.双的 n. 两个；双

doubt [daʊt] n.& v. 怀疑, 疑惑

down [daʊn] prep. 沿着, 沿…而下 ad. 向下

download ['daunləud] n.& v. 下载

downstairs [ˈdaʊnsteəz] ad. 在楼下；到楼下

downtown [ˈdaʊntaʊn] ad. 往或在城市的商业区（或中心区、闹市区） n. 城市的商业区, 中心区, 闹市区 a.城市的商业区的, 中心区的, 闹市区的

downward [ˈdaʊnwəd] ad. 向下

dozen ['dʌzən] n. 十二个；几十, 许多

Dr(缩) = Doctor n. 医生, 大夫；博士

draft [drɑːft] n. / v. 草稿, 草案, 起草, 草拟

drag [dræɡ] v. 拖；拽

draw (drew, drawn) [drɔː] v. 绘画；绘制；拉, 拖；提取（金钱）

drawback [ˈdrɔːbæk] n.缺点, 不利条件

drawer [ˈdrɔːə] n. 抽屉

drawing [ˈdrɔːɪŋ] n. 图画, 素描,绘画

dream (dreamt, dreamt 或-ed, -ed) [driːm]

n.& vt. 梦, 梦想

dress [dres] n. 女服, 连衣裙；(统指)服装；童装 v. 穿衣；穿着

drier =dryer [ˈdraɪə] n. 烘干机；吹风机

drill [drɪl] n. 钻头；（反复的）训练

vt. 钻(孔), 在…上钻孔；重复训练

drink [drɪŋk] n. 饮料；喝酒 

drink(drank,drunk) [drɪŋk] v. 喝, 饮

drive(drove,driven) [draɪv] v. 驾驶, 开(车);驱赶

driver [ˈdraɪvə] n. 司机, 驾驶员

drop [drɒp] n.滴 v.掉下.落下.投递.放弃

drown [draʊn] vi. 溺死；淹没

drug [drʌɡ] n. 药, 药物；毒品

drum [drʌm] n. 鼓

drunk [drʌŋk] a. 醉的

dry [draɪ] v.使…干;弄干;擦干a.干的;干燥的

duck [dʌk] n. 鸭子

due[djuː] a. 预期的；约定的

dull[dʌl] a. 阴暗的；单调无味

dumpling [ˈdʌmplɪŋ] n. 饺子

during [ˈdjʊərɪŋ]prep. 在…期间；在…过程中

dusk [dʌsk] n. 黄昏

dust [dʌst] n. 灰尘, 尘土

dustbin [ˈdʌstbɪn] n. 垃圾箱

dusty [ˈdʌstɪ] a. 尘土般的, 尘土多的

duty [ˈdjuːtɪ] n. 责任, 义务

DVD ['di:'vi:'di:] 数码影碟(digital versatile disk)

dynamic [daɪˈnæmɪk] a.充满活力,精力充沛的

dynasty [ˈdɪnəstɪ] n.王朝, 朝代

each [iːtʃ] a.& pron.每人.每个.每件

eager [ˈiːɡə] a. 渴望的, 热切的

eagle [ˈiːɡl] n. 鹰

ear [ɪə] n.耳朵.耳状物；听力, 听觉

early [ɜːlɪ] a. 早的 ad. 早地

earn [ɜːn]vt. 挣得, 赚得

earth [ɜːθ] n. 地球；土, 泥；大地

earthquake [ˈɜːθkweɪk] n. 地震

ease [iːz]v. 减轻；缓解（难度或严重程度）

easily [ˈiːzɪlɪ] ad. 容易地

east [iːst]a. 东方；东部的；朝东的；从东方来;

ad.在东方;向东方;从东方; n. 东,东方;东部

Easter [ˈiːstə] n. 复活节

eastern [ˈiːst(ə)n] a. 东方的；东部的

eastwards [ˈiːstwədz] ad. 向东

easy [ˈiːzɪ] a. 容易的, 不费力的

easy-going [ˈiːzɪ-ˈɡəʊɪŋ] a. 随和的

eat (ate, eaten) [iːt] v. 吃

ecology [ɪˈkɒlədʒɪ] n. 生态, 生态学

edge [edʒ] n. 边缘

edition [ɪˈdɪʃ(ə)n]n.（发行物的）版, 版（本）

editor [ˈedɪtə] n. 编辑

educate [ˈedjʊkeɪt] vt. 教育, 培养

educator ['edju:keitə] n. 教育家

education [edjʊˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 教育, 培养

effect [ɪˈfekt] n. 效果；作用

effort [ˈefət]n. 努力, 艰难的尝试

egg [eɡ] n. 蛋；卵

eggplant [ˈeɡplɑːnt]n. 茄子

Egypt* [ˈiːdʒɪpt] n. 埃及

Egyptian [ɪˈdʒɪpʃ(ə)n] a. 埃及的；埃及人的；

埃及语的 n. 埃及人

eight [eɪt] num. 八

eighteen [ˈeɪˈtiːn]num. 十八

eighth [eɪtθ] num. 第八

eighty [ˈeɪtɪ] num. 八十

either [ˈaɪðə] a. 两方任一方的；二者之一

conj. 二者之一；要么……

ad. [æd] (用于否定句或短语后)也

elder [ˈeldə] n. 长者；前辈

elect [ɪˈlekt] vt.（投票）选举

electric [ɪˈlektrɪk] a.电的

electrical [ɪˈlektrɪk(ə)l] a.电的；电器的

electricity [ɪlekˈtrɪsɪtɪ] n. 电；电流

electronic [ɪlekˈtrɒnɪk] a. 电子的

elegant [ˈelɪɡənt] a.文雅的,漂亮的,精美的

elephant [ˈelɪfənt] n. 象

eleven [ɪˈlev(ə)n] num. 十一

else [els] ad. 别的, 其他的

e-mail ['i: meɪl]]n. 电子邮件

embarrass [ɪmˈbærəs] v.使窘迫, 尴尬

embassy [ˈembəsɪ] n. 大使馆

emergency [ɪˈmɜːdʒənsɪ] n.紧急情况或状态

emperor [ˈempərə] n. 皇帝

empire [ˈempaɪə] n. 帝国

employ [ɪmˈplɔɪ] vt. 雇佣

empty [ˈemptɪ] a. 空的

encourage [ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ] vt. 鼓励

encouragement [ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒmənt] n. 鼓励

end [end] n. 末尾；终点；结束 v. 结束, 终止

ending [ˈendɪŋ] n. 结局；结尾, 最后

endless [ˈendlɪs] a. 无止境的；没完的

enemy [ˈenɪmɪ] n. 敌人；敌军

energetic [enəˈdʒetɪk] a. 精力旺盛的

energ [ˈenədʒɪ] y n. 精力, 能量

engine [ˈendʒɪn] n. 发动机, 引擎

engineer [endʒɪˈnɪə] n. 工程师；技师

England* [ˈɪŋɡlənd] n. 英格兰

English [ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ] a. 英国的,英国人的,英语的

n. 英语

enjoy [ɪnˈdʒɔɪ] vt.欣赏；享受乐趣；喜欢

enjoyable [ɪnˈdʒɔɪəbl]a. 愉快的；有趣的

enlarge [ɪnˈlɑːdʒ]vt. 扩大

enough [ɪˈnʌf] n. 足够；充足 a. 足够；充分

ad. 足够地；充分地

enquiry [ɪnˈkwaɪərɪ] n. 询问

enter [ˈentə] vt. 进入

enterprise [ˈentəpraɪz] n.公司, 企, 事业单位

entertainment [entəˈteɪnmənt] n. 娱乐

enthusiastic [ɪnθjuːzɪˈæstɪk] a.热情的, 热心的

entire [ɪnˈtaɪə] a. 整个的, 全部的

entrance [ˈentrəns] n. 入口；入场；进入的权利;入学许可

entry [ˈentrɪ] n. 进入

envelope [ˈenvələʊp] n. 信封

environment [ɪnˈvaɪərənmənt] n.环境

envy [ˈenvɪ] vt.& n. 忌妒；羡慕

equal [ˈiːkwəl] a.平等的 vt.等于, 使等于

equality [iːˈkwɒlətɪ] n. 平等

equip [ɪˈkwɪp] vt. 提供设备；装备；配备

equipment [ɪˈkwɪpmənt] n. 装备, 设备

eraser [ɪˈreɪzə] n. 橡皮擦；黑板擦

error [ˈerə] n. 错误；差错

erupt [ɪˈrʌpt] v.（火山）爆发, 喷发

escape [ɪˈskeɪp] n.& vi. 逃跑；逃脱

especially [ɪˈspeʃəlɪ] ad. 特别, 尤其

essay [ˈeseɪ] n. 散文；文章；随笔

Europe* [ˈjʊərəp] n. 欧洲

European [jʊərəˈpiːən] a. 欧洲的, 欧洲人的

n. 欧洲人

evaluate [ɪˈvæljʊeɪt] v.估值, 评价, 评估

even [ˈiːv(ə)n] ad. 甚至, 连（…都）；更

evening [ˈiːvnɪŋ] n. 傍晚, 晚上

event [ ɪ'vent] n. 事件, 大事

eventually [ɪˈventjʊəlɪ] ad.最终地

ever [ˈevə] ad. 曾经；无论何时

every [ˈevrɪ] a. 每一, 每个的

everybody [ 'evrɪbɒdɪ]pron. 每人, 人人

everyday [ˈevrɪdeɪ] a. 每日的；日常的

everyone [ˈevrɪwʌn] pron. 每人, 人人

everything [ˈevrɪθɪŋ] pron. 每件事, 事事

everywhere [ˈevrɪweə] ad. 到处

evidence [ˈevɪdəns] n. 证据, 证明

evident [ˈevɪdənt] a.清楚的, 显而易见的

evolution [iːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n] n. 进化, 演变

exact [ɪɡˈzækt] a. 精确的；确切的

exactly [ɪg'zæktlɪ] ad. 精确地；确切地

exam[ɪg'zæm]= examination [ɪɡzæmɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n] n. 考试, 测试；检查；审查

examine [ɪɡˈzæmɪn]vt. 检查；诊察

example [ɪɡˈzɑːmpl] n. 例子；榜样

excellent [ˈeksələnt] a. 极好的, 优秀的

except [ɪkˈsept]prep. 除……之外

exchange [ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ]n. 交换, 掉换；交流

excite [ɪkˈsaɪt]vt. 使兴奋, 使激动

excuse [ɪkˈskjuːz] n.借口.辩解 vt.原谅.宽恕

exercise [ˈeksəsaɪz]n.锻炼,做操；练习,习题

vi. 锻炼

exhibition [eksɪˈbɪʃ(ə)n] n. 展览；展览会

exist [ɪg'zɪst] vi. 存在

existence [ɪɡˈzɪst(ə)ns] n.存在；生存；存在物

exit [ˈeksɪt] n. 出口, 太平门

expand [ɪkˈspænd] v.扩大, 增加, 扩展

expect [ɪkˈspekt] vt. 预料；盼望；认为

expectation [ekspekˈteɪʃ(ə)n] n. 预料；期望

expense [ɪkˈspens] n. 消费；支出

expensive [ɪkˈspensɪv] a. 昂贵的

experience [ɪkˈspɪərɪəns] n. 经验；经历

experiment [ɪkˈsperɪmənt] n. 实验

expert [ˈekspɜːt] n. 专家, 能手

explain [ɪksˈpleɪn] vt. 解释, 说明

explanation [ekspləˈneɪʃ(ə)n] n. 解释, 说明

explicit [ɪkˈsplɪsɪt] a.明确的,易于理解的

explode [ɪkˈspləʊd] v.（使）爆炸

exploit [ˈeksplɔɪt]vt.开采，开发，利用，剥削

explore [ɪkˈsplɔː] v. 探险

explorer [ɪkˈsplɔːrə] n. 探险者

export[ɪkˈspɔːt] n. / v.出口, 输出

expose [ɪkˈspəʊz] vt. 揭露

express [ɪkˈspres] vt. 表达；表示；表情

n. 快车, 特快专递

expression [ɪkˈspreʃ(ə)n]n. 表达；词句；表示,

说法；表情

extension [ɪkˈstenʃ(ə)n] n.扩大, 延伸

extra[ˈekstrə] a. 额外的, 外加的

extraordinary[ɪkˈstrɔːdɪnərɪ]

离奇的；使人惊奇的

extreme [ɪkˈstriːm] a. 极其的, 非常的

extremely [ɪkˈstriːmlɪ] ad. 极其, 非常

eye [aɪ] n. 眼睛

eyesight [ˈaɪsaɪt]n. 视力；视觉

eyewitness [ˈaɪwɪtnɪs] n. 目击证人

face [feɪs]n. 脸 vt. 面向；面对

facial [ˈfeɪʃ(ə)l] a. 面部用的

fact [fækt]n.事实，现实

factory['fækt(ə)rɪ ] n. 工厂

fade [feɪd] vi. 褪色，（颜色）消退

fail [feɪl] v. 失败；不及格；衰退

failure [ˈfeɪljə] n. 失败

fair [feə] a. 公平的，合理的 a. (肤色)白皙的；（人）白肤金发的 n. 集市；庙会；展览会

fairly [ˈfeəlɪ] ad.公正地,正当地;相当（程度）地

fairness ['fɛənis] n. 公平；公正

faith [feɪθ] n. 信仰；信念

fall [fɔːl] n. （美）秋季

fall [fɔːl] (fell, fallen) vi. 落（下），降落；倒

false [fɔːls] a. 不正确的；假的

familiar [fəˈmɪlɪə]a. 熟悉的

family [ˈfæmɪlɪ] n. 家庭;家族;family name 姓氏

famous[ˈfeɪməs] a. 著名的

fan [fæn]n. （电影、运动等的）迷；

热心的爱好者（支持者） n. 风扇

fancy [ˈfænsɪ] vt. 想象；喜爱；设想；自负；

花式；装饰的；奇特的

fantastic [fæn'tæstɪk]a. (口语)极好的，美妙的，很棒的

fantasy [ˈfæntəsɪ] n. 幻想，梦想

far [fɑː] (farther, farthest 或further , furthest)

a.& ad. 远的；远地

fare [feə] n.（车或船的）费用，票（价）

farm [fɑːm] n. 农场；农庄

farmer [ˈfɑːmə] n. 农民

fast [fɑːst]a. 快的，迅速的；紧密的 ad. 快地，迅速地；紧密地

fasten [ˈfɑːsn]vt. 扎牢；扣住

fat [fæt]n. 脂肪 a. 胖的；肥的

father [ˈfɑːðə] n. 父亲

fault [fɔːlt]n. 缺点，毛病

favour ['feivə] (美favor) n. 恩惠；好意；帮助

favourite ['feivərit] (美 favorite) a. 喜爱的 n. 特别喜爱的人（或物）

fax [fæks] n. 传真

fear [fɪə]n. 害怕；恐惧；担忧

feast [fiːst] n.盛宴，宴会，（宗教的）节日

feather [ˈfeðə] n. 羽毛

February [ˈfebrʊərɪ] n. 二月

federal[ˈfedər(ə)l]l a. 联邦的；同盟的；

联邦政府的

fee [fiː]n. 费，费用

feed (fed, fed) [fiːd] vt. 喂（养）；饲（养）

feel (felt, felt) [fiːl]v.& link 感觉，觉得；摸，触

feeling [ˈfiːlɪŋ]n. 感情；感觉

fellow [ˈfeləʊ]n. 同伴；伙伴

female [ˈfiːmeɪl]a. 女的；女性的；雌性的

fence [fens]n. 栅栏；围栏；篱笆

ferry [ˈferɪ] n. 渡船

festival [ˈfestɪvəl]a. 节日的，喜庆的

fetch [fetʃ]vt.(去)取（物）来,(去)带(人)来

fever [ˈfiːvə] n. 发烧；发热

few [fjuː] pron. 不多；少数不多的；少数的

fibre ['faibə] (美fiber) n. 纤维

fiction [ˈfɪkʃ(ə)n]n.小说，虚构的事

field [fiːld]n. 田地；牧场；场地

fierce [ˈfɪəs] a. 猛烈的

fifteen [fɪfˈtiːn]num. 十五

fifth [fɪfθ]num. 第五

fifty [ˈfɪftɪ] num. 五十

fight [faɪt] (fought, fought) v. 与……打仗（架）; n. 打仗（架），

fighter [ˈfaɪtə] v. 战士；斗士

figure [ˈfɪɡə] n.数字；数目；图；图形；（人的）身型；人物；（绘画、雕刻）人物像 vt.（美口语）认为，判断.（在心里）想像，描绘

file [faɪl]n.公文柜；档案(计算机)文档

fill [fɪl]vt. 填空，装满

film [fɪlm] n. 电影；影片；胶卷

vt. 拍摄，把…拍成电影

final [ˈfaɪn(ə)l] a. 最后的；终极的

finance [ˈfaɪnæns]n.资金，财政，财务

find [faɪnd] (found, found) vt. 找到，发现，感到

fine [faɪn]a. 细的；晴朗的；美好的；（身体）健康的; n.& v. 罚款

finger [ˈfɪŋɡə] n. 手指

fingernail [ˈfɪŋɡəneɪl] n. 指甲

finish [ˈfɪnɪʃ] v. 结束；做完

fire [ˈfaɪə] n. 火；火炉；火灾

vi. 开火，开（枪，炮等），射击

firefighter ['faɪəfaɪtə] n. 消防人员

fireplace [ˈfaɪəpleɪs] n. 壁炉

firewood ['fairwud] n. 木柴

firework [ˈfaɪəwɜːk] n. 焰火

firm [fɜːm] n.公司;企业 a.坚固的,坚定的

firmly [ˈfɜːmlɪ] ad. 牢牢地

first [fɜːst] num. 第一 a.& ad.第一；首次；最初 n. 开始；开端

fish [fɪʃ] n. 鱼；鱼肉 vi. 钓鱼；捕鱼

fisherman [ˈfɪʃəmən] n. 渔民；钓鱼健身者

fist [fɪst] n. 拳(头)

fit [fɪt] a. 健康的, 适合的 v.（使）适合，安装

fitting room [ˈfɪtɪŋ-rʊm]] 试衣间

five [faɪv] num. 五

fix [fɪks] vt. 修理；安装；确定，决定

flag [flæɡ] n. 旗；标志；旗舰

flame [fleɪm] n. 火焰，光辉

flaming [ˈfleɪmɪŋ] a. 火红的；火焰般的

flash [flæʃ] n. 闪；闪光；转瞬间

flashlight [flæʃ] n. 手电

flat [flæt] a. 平的 n. 楼中一套房间；

公寓(常用复数)

flee [fliː] (fled, fled) v. 逃走；逃跑

flexible ['fleksəbl] a.灵活的，可变动的

flesh [fleʃ] n. 肉

flight [flaɪt] n. 航班 n. 楼梯的一段

float [fləʊt] vi. 漂浮，浮动

flood [flʌd] n. 洪水 vt. 淹没，使泛滥

floor [flɔː] n.地面，地板.（楼房的）层

flour [ˈflaʊə] n. 面粉，粉

flow [fləʊ] vi. 流动

flower [ˈflaʊə] n. 花

flu [fluː] n. 流行性感冒

fluency ['fluənsi] n.（外语）流利，流畅

fluent [ˈfluːənt] a. （外语）流利的，流畅

fly (flew, flown) [flaɪ] vi. （鸟、飞机）飞；

放（风筝、飞机模型等）;n. 飞行；苍蝇

focus [ˈfəʊkəs] v. / n.集中（注意力，精力）于，焦点，中心点

fog [fɒɡ] n. 雾

foggy [ˈfɒɡɪ] a. 多雾的

fold [fəʊld] vt. 折叠；合拢

folk [fəʊk] a. 民间的

follow [ˈfɒləʊ] vt. 跟随；仿效；跟得上

following [ˈfɒləʊwɪŋ] a. 接着的；下面的

fond [fɒnd] a. 喜爱的，爱好的

food [fuːd] n. 食物，食品

fool [fuːl] n. 傻子，蠢人

foolish [ˈfuːlɪʃ] a. 愚蠢的，傻的

foot (复 feet) [fʊt] n. 足，脚；英尺

football [ˈfʊtbɔːl] n. （英式）足球；

（美式）橄榄球

for [fɔː] prep. 为了…；向…；因为…；在…期间；对…来说 conj. 因为，由于

forbid [fəˈbɪd] (forbade,forbidden) vt. 禁止,不许

force [fɔːs] vt. 强迫，迫使

forecast [ˈfɔːkɑːst] n. & vt. 预告

forehead [ˈfɒrɪd] n. 前额

foreign [ˈfɒrən] a. 外国的

foreigner [ˈfɒrənə] n. 外国人

foresee [fɔːˈsiː] (foresaw, foreseen) vt.预见.预知

forest [ˈfɒrɪst] n. 森林

forever [fəˈrevə] ad. 永远；永恒的

forget [fəˈget] (forgot, forgotten) v. 忘记；忘掉

forgetful [fəˈɡetfʊl] a. 健忘的

forgive [fəˈɡɪv] (forgave, forgiven) vt. 原谅,宽恕

fork [fɔːk] n. 叉，餐叉

form [fɔːm] n. 表格；形式；结构

format [ˈfɔːmæt] n. 格式；版式；开本

former [ˈfɔːmə] a. 以前的，从前的；

（两者之中的）前者

fortnight [ˈfɔːtnaɪt] n. 十四日，两星期

fortunate ['fɔːtʃənɪt] a. 幸运的；侥幸的

fortune ['fɔːtʃən] n. 财产；运气

forty [ˈfɔːtɪ] num. 四十

forward [ˈfɔːwəd] ad.将来.今后.向前，前进

found [faʊnd] vt. 成立，建立

fountain [ˈfaʊntɪn] n. 喷泉

four [fɔː] num. 四

fourteen [ˈfɔːˈtiːn] num. 十四

fourth [fɔːθ] num. 第四

fox [fɒks ] n. 狐狸

franc [fræŋk] n. 法郎

France* [frɑːns] n. 法国

fragile [ˈfrædʒaɪl] a.易碎的，易损的

fragrant [ˈfreɪɡrənt] a. 香的，芳香的

framework [ˈfreɪmwɜːk] n.（建筑物）框架,结构

free [friː] a. 自由，空闲的；免费的

freedom [ˈfriːdəm] n. 自由

freeway [ˈfriːweɪ] n. 高速公路

freeze [friːz] (froze, frozen) vi. 结冰

freezing ['fri:ziŋ] a. 冻结的；极冷的

French [frentʃ] a法国的；法国人的；法语的;

n. 法语

Frenchman [ˈfrentʃmən] (复 Frenchmen)

n. 法国（男）人

frequent [ˈfriːkwənt] a. 经常的；频繁的

fresh [freʃ] a. 新鲜的

Friday [ˈfraɪdɪ] n. 星期五

friction [ˈfrɪkʃ(ə)n] n. 摩擦

fridge [frɪdʒ] =refrigerator [rɪˈfrɪdʒəreɪtə] n. 冰箱

fried [fraid] a. 油煎的

friend [frend] n. 朋友

friendly [ˈfrendlɪ] a. 友好的

friendship [ˈfrendʃɪp] n. 友谊，友情

fright [fraɪt] n. 惊恐；恐吓

frighten [ˈfraɪt(ə)n] vt. 使惊恐，吓唬

frog [frɒɡ] n. 青蛙

from [frɒm] prep.从；从…起；来自

front [frʌnt] a.前面的;前部的

n. 前面；前部；前线

frontier [ˈfrʌntɪə] n. 前沿，边界；前线

frost [frɒst] n. 霜

fruit [fruːt] n. 水果；果实

fruit juice [fruːt dʒuːs] n. 果汁

fry [fraɪ] vt. 用油煎；用油炸

fuel [fjuːəl] n. 燃料

full [fʊl] a. 满的，充满的；完全的

fun [fʌn] n. 有趣的事，娱乐，玩笑

function ['fʌŋkʃən] n. / v. 作用,功能,运转

fundamental [fʌndəˈment(ə)l] a.十分重大的，

根本的

funeral [ˈfjuːˈnər(ə)l] n. 葬礼

funny [ˈfʌnɪ] a. 有趣的，滑稽可笑的

fur [fɜː] n. 毛皮；皮子

furnished ['fə:niʃt] a. 配备了家具的

furniture [ˈfɜːnɪtʃə] n. （总称）家具

future [ˈfjuːtʃə] n. 将来

gain [ɡeɪn] vt. 赢得；挣得

gale [ɡeɪl] n. 大风（约每小时60英里）

gallery [ˈɡælərɪ] n. 画廊；美术品陈列室

gallon [ˈɡælən] n. 加仑

game [ɡeɪm] n. 游戏；运动；比赛

garage [ˈɡærɑːʒ ] n. 汽车间（库）

garbage [ˈɡɑːbɪdʒ] n. 垃圾

garden [ˈɡɑːd(ə)n] n. 花园，果园，菜园

gardening [ˈɡɑːdnɪŋ] n. 园艺学

garlic [ˈɡɑːlɪk] n. 大蒜

garment [ˈɡɑːmənt] n. （一件）衣服

gas [ɡæs] n. 煤气

gate [ɡeɪt] n. 大门

gather [ˈɡæðə] v. 聚集；采集

gay [ɡeɪ] a.（男）同性恋的；快活的，愉快的

general [ˈdʒenər(ə)l] a. 大体，笼统的，总的

generation [dʒenəˈreɪʃ(ə)n] n. 代，一代

generous [ˈdʒenərəs] a. 慷慨大方的

gentle [ˈdʒentl] a. 温柔的，轻轻的

gentleman [ˈdʒentlmən] n. 绅士，先生；有身份、有教养的人

geography [dʒɪˈɒɡrəfɪ] n. 地理学

geometry [dʒɪ'ɒmɪtrɪ] n. 几何学

German [ˈdʒɜːmən] a.德国的,德国人的,德语的

n. 德国人，德语

Germany [ˈdʒɜːmənɪ]* n. 德国

gesture [ˈdʒestʃə] n. 姿势，手势

get (got , got) [ɡet] vt. 成为；得到；具有；到达

get-together [ɡet-təˈɡeðə] n. 聚会

gift [ɡɪft] n. 赠品；礼物

gifted [ˈɡɪftɪd] a. 有天赋的；有才华的

giraffe [dʒɪˈrɑːf] n. 长颈鹿

girl [ɡɜːl] n. 女孩

give (gave, given) [ɡɪv] vt. 给,递给,付出,给予

glad [ɡlæd] a. 高兴的；乐意的

glance [glɑːns] vi. 匆匆一看；一瞥

glare [ɡleə] v. 瞪眼,怒目而视,闪耀

glass [ɡlɑːs] n.玻璃杯,玻璃；(复)眼镜

glasshouse [ˈɡlɑːs haʊs] n. 温室，暖房

globe [ɡləʊb] n. 地球仪,地球

glory [ˈɡlɔːrɪ] n.巨大的光荣; 荣誉;赞美

glove [ɡlʌv] n. 手套

glue [ɡluː] n. 胶水

go (went, gone) [ɡəʊ] vi.去;走；驶;通到;到达

n. 尝试（做某事）；围棋

goal [ɡəʊl] n. （足球）球门，目标

goat [ɡəʊt] n. 山羊

god [ɡɒd] n. 神，（大写）上帝

gold [ɡəʊld] n. 黄金 a 金的，黄金的

golden [ˈɡəʊld(ə)n] a. 金(黄)色的

goldfish [ˈɡəʊldfɪʃ] n. 金鱼

golf [ɡɒlf] n. 高尔夫球

good (better ,best) [ɡʊd] a. 好；良好

good-bye [ɡʊd- baɪ] int. 再见；再会

goodness [ˈɡʊdnɪs] n. 善良，美德

goods [ɡʊd] n. 商品，货物

goose (复 geese) [ɡuːs] n. 鹅

govern [ˈɡʌv(ə)n] v. 统治；管理

government [ˈɡʌvənmənt] n. 政府

grade [ɡreɪd] n. 等级；（中小学的）学年；

成绩，分数

gradually [ˈɡrædjʊəlɪ] ad. 逐渐地

graduate [ˈɡrædjʊət] v. 毕业

graduation [grædʒʊ'eɪʃ(ə)n] n. 毕业，毕业典礼

grain [ɡreɪn] n. 谷物，谷类

gram [ɡræm] n. 克(重量单位)

grammar [ˈɡræmə] n. 语法

grand [ɡrænd] a. 宏伟的

grandchild ['grænt ʃaɪld] n.(外)孙或孙女.孙辈

granddaughter [ˈɡrændɔːtə] n. （外）孙女

grandma [ˈɡrænmɑ] = grandmother ['græn(d)mʌðə] n.奶奶；外婆

grandpa[ˈɡrænpɑː] = grandfather ['græn(d)fɑːðə] n.爷爷,外公

grandparents [ˈɡrændpeərənts] n.祖父母;外祖父母

grandson [ˈɡrændsʌn] n. （外）孙子

granny [ˈɡrænɪ] n. 老奶奶；祖母；外婆

grape [ɡreɪp] n. 葡萄

graph [ɡrɑːf] n. 图表，曲线图

grasp [ɡrɑːsp] v. 抓住；紧握

grass [ɡrɑːs] n. 草；草场；牧草

grateful [ˈɡreɪtfʊl] a. 感激的，感谢的

gravity [ˈɡrævɪtɪ] n. 重力，地球引力

great [ɡreɪt] a. 伟大的,重要的,好极了

ad. （口语）好极了，很好

Greece [ɡriːs] * n. 希腊

greedy [ˈɡriːdɪ] a. 贪婪的

Greek [ɡriːk] a. / n. 希腊的，希腊人的，希腊语的 ; 希腊人，希腊语

green [ɡriːn] a. 绿色的；青的 n. 绿色

greengrocer [ˈɡriːnɡrəʊsə] n.（英）蔬菜水果商

greet [ɡriːt] vt. 问候；向……致敬

greeting [ˈɡriːtɪŋ] n. 祝贺

grey / gray [ɡreɪ] a. 灰色的；灰白的

grill [ɡrɪl] n. （烧食物的）烤架

grocer [ˈɡrəʊsə] n. 零售商人；食品店

ground [ɡraʊnd] n. 地面

group [ɡruːp] n. 组，群

grow (grew, grown) [ɡrəʊ] v. 生长；种植；变成

growth [ɡrəʊθ] n. 生长，增长

guarantee [ɡærənˈtiː] v. 保证，担保

guard [ɡɑːd] n. 防护装置，警戒

guess [ɡes] vi. 猜

guest [ɡest] n. 客人，宾客

guidance [ˈɡaɪdəns] n. 引导，指导

guide [ɡaɪd] n. 向导，导游者

guilty [ˈɡɪltɪ] a.有罪,犯法的,做错事的

guitar [ɡɪˈtɑː] n. 吉他，六弦琴

gun [ɡʌn] n. 枪，炮

gym [dʒɪm] =gymnasium [dʒɪm'neɪzɪəm]

n. 体操；体育馆；健身房

gymnastics [dʒɪmˈnæstɪks] n. 体操

habit [ˈhæbɪt] n. 习惯，习性

hair [heə] n. 头发

haircut [ˈheəkʌt] n. 理发

half [hɑːf] a.& n. 半，一半，半个

hall [hɔːl] n. 大厅,会堂,礼堂;过道

ham [hæm] n. 火腿

hamburger [ˈhæmbɜːɡə] n. 汉堡包

hammer ['hæmə] n. 锤子，锣锤

hand [hænd] n. 手；指针 v. 递；交上；交进

handbag [ˈhændbæɡ] n. 女用皮包，手提包

handful [ˈhændfʊl] n.(一)把；少数，少量

handkerchief [ˈhæŋkətʃɪf] n. 手帕

handle [ˈhændl] n. 柄，把柄 v. 处理

handsome [ˈhænsəm] a. 英俊的

handwriting [ˈhændraɪtɪŋ] n. 书法

handy [ˈhændɪ] a. 便利的，顺手的 hang(hanged,hanged) v. 处（人）绞刑；上吊

hang (hung, hung) [hæŋ] v.悬挂，吊着；

把……吊起

happen [ˈhæpən] vi.（偶然）发生

happily ['hæpɪlɪ] ad. 幸福地，快乐地

happiness [ˈhæpɪnɪs] n. 幸福，愉快

happy [ˈhæpɪ] a.幸福；快乐的，高兴的

harbour (美harbor) ['hɑ:bə] n. 港口

hard [hɑːd] ad. 努力地；使劲；猛烈地

硬的；困难的；艰难的

hardly [ˈhɑːdlɪ] ad. 几乎不

hardship [ˈhɑːdʃɪp] n. 困难

hardworking ['ha:d'wə:kiŋ] a. 努力工作的

harm [hɑːm] n.&v. 伤害；损伤

harmful [ˈhɑːmfʊl] a.有害的；致伤的

harmless [ˈhɑːmlɪs] a. 无害的;不致伤的

harmony [ˈhɑːmənɪ] n. 融洽，和睦

harvest [ˈhɑːvɪst] n.& vt. 收割，收获（物）

hat [hæt] n.帽子(一般指有边的)；礼帽

hatch [hætʃ] v. （鸟、鸡）孵蛋

hate [heɪt] vt.& n. 恨，讨厌

have (has, had, had) [hæv] vt.有；吃；喝；经受

he [hiː] pron. 他

head [hed] n. 头；头脑(像)；才智；首脑；源头；标题 a. 头部的；主要的；首席的

v.率领；加标题；用头顶；出发；(船等)驶向

headache [ˈhedeɪk] n. 头疼

headline [ˈhedlaɪn] n. （报刊的）大字标题

headmaster [hedˈmɑːstə] n. （英）中小学校长

headmistress ['hed'mistrɪs] n. 女校长

headteacher n. 中小学班主任

health [helθ] n. 健康，卫生

healthy [ˈhelθɪ] a. 健康的，健壮的

hear (heard, heard) [hɪə] v. 听见；听说,得知

hearing [ˈhɪərɪŋ] n. 听力

heart [hɑːt] n.心.心脏, 心灵

heat [hiːt] n. 热 vt. 把……加热

heaven [ˈhev(ə)n] n. 天，天空

heavy [ˈhevɪ] a. 重的

heavily [ˈhevɪlɪ] ad. 重地，大量地

heel [hiːl] n. 脚后跟

height [haɪt] n. 高，高度

helicopter [ˈhelɪkɒptə] n. 直升飞机

hello [həˈləʊ] int. 喂；（表示打招呼，问候或唤起注意）

helmet ['helmɪt] n. 头盔

help [help] n. & vt. 帮助，帮忙

helpful [ˈhelpfʊl] a. 有帮助的，有益的

hen [hen] n. 母鸡

her [hɜː] pron. 她(宾格),她的

herb [hɜːb] n. 草药

here [hɪə] ad. 这里，在这里；向这里

hero [ˈhɪərəʊ] n. 英雄，勇士，男主角

heroine [ˈherəʊɪn] n. 女英雄，女主角

hers [hɜːz] pron. 她的

herself [hɜːˈself] pron. 她自己

hey [heɪ] int. 嘿！

hi [haɪ] int. （表示打招呼、问候或唤起注意）

hibernate [ˈhaɪbəneɪt] vi. 冬眠

hibernation [haɪbə'neɪʃn] n. 冬眠

hide (hid, hidden) [haɪd] v. 把…藏起来，隐藏

hide and seek [haɪd-ənd-siːk] 捉迷藏

high [haɪ] a. 高的;高度的 ad. 高地

highway [ˈhaɪweɪ] n.公路,主要交通道路

hill [hɪl] n. 小山;丘陵;土堆;斜坡

hillside [ˈhɪlsaɪd] n. （小山）山腰，山坡

hilly [ˈhɪlɪ] a. 丘陵的；多小山的

him [hɪm] pron. 他（宾格）

himself [hɪmˈself] pron. 他自己

hire [ˈhaɪə] vt. 租用

his [hɪz] pron. 他的

history [ˈhɪstərɪ] n. 历史，历史学

hit (hit, hit) [hɪt] n.& vt. 打,撞,击中

hobby [ˈhɒbɪ] n. 业余爱好，嗜好

hold (held, held) [həʊld] vt.拿；抱；握住；举行

hole [həʊl] n. 洞，坑

holiday [ˈhɒlədɪ] n. 假日；假期

holy [ˈhəʊlɪ] a. 神圣的

home [həʊm] n. 家 ad. 到家；回家

homeland [ˈhəʊmlænd] n. 祖国

hometown [ˈhəʊmtaʊn] n. 故乡

homework [ˈhəʊmwɜːk] n. 家庭作业

honest [ˈɒnɪst] a. 诚实的，正直的

honey ['hʌnɪ] n. 蜂蜜

honour (美honor) ['ɒnə] n. 荣誉，光荣

vt. 尊敬，给予荣誉

hook [hʊk] n.& v. 钩子；衔接，连接

hope [həʊp] n.& v. 希望

hopeful [ˈhəʊpfʊl] a. 有希望的；有前途的

hopeless[ 'həʊpləs] a.没有希望,不可救药的

horrible [ˈhɒrəɪbl] a. 令人恐惧；恐怖的

horse [hɔːs] n. 马

hospital [ˈhɒspɪt(ə)l] n. 医院

host [həʊst] n. 主人；节目主持人v. 做主人招待

hostess [ˈhəʊstɪs] n. 女主人

hot [hɒt] a. 热的

hot dog [hɒt dɒɡ] n. 热狗(红肠面包)

hotel [həʊˈtel] n. 旅馆，饭店，宾馆

hour [ˈaʊə] n. 小时

house [haʊs] n. 房子；住宅

housewife [ˈhaʊswaɪf] n. 家庭主妇

housework [ˈhaʊswɜːk] n. 家务劳动

how [haʊ] ad.怎样,如何；多少；多么

however [haʊˈevə] ad. 可是 conj. 然而，可是，尽管如此

hug [hʌɡ] v. 拥抱

huge [hjuːdʒ] a. 巨大的，庞大的

human [ˈhjuːmən] a. 人的，人类的

human being [ˈhjuːmən ˈbiːɪŋ] 人

humorous [ˈhjuːmərəs] a. 富于幽默的

humour (美humor) ['hju:mə] n.幽默,幽默感

hundred [ˈhʌndrəd] num. 百

hunger [ˈhʌŋɡə] n. 饥饿

hungry [ˈhʌŋɡrɪ] a. （饥）饿的

hunt [hʌnt] vt. 寻找；狩猎，猎取

hunter [ˈhʌntə] n. 猎人

hurricane [ˈhʌrɪkən] n. 飓风，十二级风

hurry [ˈhʌrɪ] vi. 赶快；急忙

hurt (hurt, hurt) [hɜːt] vt. 伤害，受伤；伤人感情

husband [ˈhʌzbənd] n. 丈夫

hydrogen [ˈhaɪdrədʒ(ə)n] n. 氢

I [aɪ] pron. 我

ice [aɪs] n. 冰

ice-cream [aɪs- kriːm] n. 冰淇淋

Iceland [ˈaɪslənd] * n. 冰岛

idea [aɪˈdɪə] n. 主意,意见,打算,想法

identity [aɪˈdentɪtɪ] n. 身份，特征

identification [aɪdentɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 鉴定，辨别

idiom [ˈɪdɪəm] n. 习语，成语

if [ɪf] conj.如果,假使,是否,是不是

ignore [ɪɡˈnɔː] v. 忽视，对…不理会

ill [ɪl] a. 有病的；不健康的

illegal [ɪˈliːɡ(ə)l] a. 非法的

illness [ˈɪlnɪs] n. 疾病

imagine [ɪˈmædʒɪn] vt. 想像，设想

immediate [ɪˈmiːdɪət] a. 立即的，马上

immediately [ɪˈmiːdɪətlɪ] ad. 立即

immigration [ɪmɪ'greɪʃn] n. 移民

import [ɪmˈpɔːt] v.& n. 进口，输入

importance [ɪmˈpɔːtəns] n. 重要性

important [ɪmˈpɔːtənt] a. 重要的

impossible [ɪmˈpɒsəbl] a. 不可能的

impress [ɪmˈpres] vt. 留下极深的印象

impression [ɪmˈpreʃ(ə)n] n. 印象，感觉

improve [ɪmˈpruːv] vt. 改进，更新

in [ɪn] prep. 在…里(内)；在…；以…

ad. 在家，在内，向内

inch [ɪntʃ] n. 英寸

incident [ˈɪnsɪd(ə)nt] n. 事件

include [ɪnˈkluːd] vt. 包含，包括

income [ˈɪnkʌm] n. 收入，所得

incorrect [ɪnkəˈrekt] a. 不正确的，错误的

increase [ɪnˈkriːs] v. & n. 增加，繁殖

indeed [ɪnˈdiːd] a. 确实；实在

independence [ɪndɪˈpendəns] n. 独立

independent [ɪndɪˈpendənt] a.独立的,有主见的

India [ˈɪndɪə] * n. 印度

Indian [ˈɪndɪən] a. （美洲）印地安人的；印度人的 n. 印地安人；印度人

indicate ['ɪndɪkeɪt] v.表明，象征，暗示

industry [ˈɪndəstrɪ] n. 工业，产业

influence [ˈɪnflʊəns] n.& v. 影响

inform [ɪnˈfɔːm] vt. 告诉；通知

information [ɪnfəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 信息

information desk [ɪnfəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n desk] 问讯处

initial [ɪˈnɪʃ(ə)l] a. 开始的，最初的

injure [ˈɪndʒə] vt. 损害，伤害

injury [ˈɪndʒərɪ] n. 受伤处

ink [ɪŋk] n. 墨水，油墨

inland [ˈɪnlənd, ˈɪnlænd] a. 内陆的；内地的

inn [ɪn] n. 小旅店；小饭店

innocent [ˈɪnəsənt] a.无辜的，清白的

insect [ˈɪnsekt] n. 昆虫

insert [ɪnˈsɜːt] vt. 插入

inside [ɪnˈsaɪd] prep.在…里面 ad.在里面

insist [ɪnˈsɪst] vi. 坚持；坚决认为

inspect [ɪnˈspekt] vt. 检查；检验；审视

inspire [ɪnˈspaɪə] vt. 鼓舞；激励

instant [ˈɪnst(ə)nt] a. 瞬间；刹那

instead [ɪnˈsted] ad. 代替，顶替

institute [ˈɪnstɪtjuːt] n. (研究)所, 院，学院

institution [ɪnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n] n. (慈善、宗教等性质的)公共机构；学校

instruct [ɪnˈstrʌkt] vt. 通知；指示；教

instruction [ɪnˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n] n. 说明,须知;教导

instrument [ˈɪnstrʊmənt] n. 乐器;工具,器械

insurance [ɪnˈʃʊərəns] n. 保险

insure [ɪnˈʃʊə] vt. 给……保险

intelligence [ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns] n.智力,才智,智慧

intend [ɪnˈtend] vt. 想要，打算

intention [ɪnˈtenʃ(ə)n] n. 打算,计划,意图

interest [ˈɪntrɪst] n. 兴趣，趣味;利息

interesting [ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ] a. 有趣的

international [ɪntəˈnæʃən(ə)l] a. 国际的

Internet [ˈɪntənet] n. 互联网，英特网

interpreter [ɪnˈtɜːprɪtə] n.翻译

interrupt [ɪntəˈrʌpt] v. 打扰，打断

interval [ˈɪntəv(ə)l] n. 间歇；间隔

interview [ˈɪntəvjuː] n.& vt.采访,会见,面试

into [ˈɪntʊ] prep. 到…里;向内；变成

introduce [ɪntrəˈdjuːs] vt. 介绍

introduction [ɪntrəˈdʌkʃ(ə)n] n. 引进，介绍

invent [ɪnˈvent] vt. 发明，创造

invention [ɪnˈvenʃ(ə)n] n. 发明，创造

inventor [ɪnˈventə] n. 发明者，创造者

invitation [ɪnvɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n] n. 邀请，请帖

invite [ɪnˈvaɪt] vt. 邀请，招待

iron [ˈaɪən] n. 铁，熨斗 vt. 熨烫

irrigate [ˈɪrɪɡeɪt] vt. 灌溉

irrigation [ɪrɪˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 灌溉

island [ˈaɪlənd] n. 岛

it [ɪt] pron. 它

its [ɪts] pron. 它的

itself [ɪtˈself] pron. 它自己

跆拳道段位小知识

跆拳道中常说的十级九段，就是我们通常看到的腰带颜色和所说的黑带段位。目前我国的跆拳道发展已经逐渐规范，大家对这项运动也有了一定的认知，但关于腰带的颜色与黑带的段位其中的一些细节，并不是所有人都了解。常常有不正规的小道馆，介绍自己的教练员是黑带九段；还有的道馆，欺骗家长与孩子授予孩子黑带段位，小小年纪就已经黑带三四段了。为了避免大家上当受骗，今天我们就来说说这个段位和品级。

跆拳道的等级是通过腰带不同颜色来体现的，而黑带是分为一至九段，以及未成年运动员的一至四品。

色带是跆拳道中的初学者，其标准等级

十级，白色带，代表着空白，尚未有跆拳道知识，意味着入门阶段。

九级，白黄带，代表着练习者已经开始接触跆拳道并学习了一些初级内容，两只脚已经踏上了跆拳道这块土地。

八级，黄色带，代表大地的颜色，意味着练习者处于打基础的时期。

七级，黄绿带，代表生根发芽，练习者在基础之上向更高层次迈进的时期。

六级，绿色带，代表着生机勃勃的植物，意味着练习者在这个阶段技术已经枝繁叶茂，跨过了初学者的阶段可以进行中级和实战内容的学习了。

五级，绿蓝带，代表植物伸向天空，树木已经足够高大，意味着练习者的根基和水平逐渐成熟的阶段。

四级，蓝色带，代表着天空，意味着练习者进入到了高水平，开始学习高难度腿法，具备实战条件。

三级，蓝红带，比天空更高的层次，意味着练习者已熟悉各种高难度腿法。

二级，红色带，代表着危险的颜色，这个阶段意味着练习者已经有了相当的实力，但修养和控制能力要不断加强，时刻牢记自己是习武之人以及跆拳道的精神。

一级，红黑带，此阶段代表着练习者要为黑带的考核不断的努力。

黑带，代表着黑暗，意味着练习者不惧黑暗，不惧艰苦，真正的成为了一个跆拳道练习者。

黑带段位对于练习者的年龄和练习时间也是有要求的。

一段，15岁以上，红黑带经过一年的训练。（15岁之前获得黑带资格，称为品，共三品，到年龄后颁发黑带。）

二段，16岁以上，一段要经过一年的训练，方可考核二段。

三段，18岁以上，二段要经过二两的训练，方可考核三段。

四段，21岁以上，三段要经过三年的修炼，方可考核四段。

五段，25岁以上，四段要经过四年的修炼，方可考核五段。

六段，30岁以上，五段要经过五年的修炼，方可考核六段。

七段至九段，必须由世界跆拳道联盟或国际跆拳道联盟特委会进行精密而详尽的评审，只有学识造诣和在跆拳道的发展上有着极大贡献的人物方可授予。

大家了解之后就很容易可以判断出来哪些是真的哪些是假的了。

2019新人教版必修13选修14语境记单词

2019新人教版必修1-3选修1-4语境记单词

必修第一册语境记单词

WELCOME UNIT

1 In order to exchange ideas，our school has organised a lecture to be held on campus. If you want to attend the lecture，you need to register your personal information by filling in the formal registration form which is specially designed by our designer. You need to fill in your name，sex（male or female），age and nationality. Exchange students are also welcome，but they must state which nation they come from.

2 Bob graduated from junior high school，and now he is a senior high school student. This guy has become my best partner. He is always anxious to explore new things. He has an outgoing personality and is curious to make a good impression on everyone. He is a very confident student and will never be frightened by difficulties. I am really impressed with his confidence. In class，he concentrates on listening to the teacher. Sometimes，he makes you feel awkward and even annoys you. What if he makes you annoyed? I’ll have to leave him alone at last.

3 My partner Carl likes to take notes on flash cards and is curious to improve his spoken English. He has an outgoing personality，looking forward to organising a spoken English contest. However，he believes that he should revise his learning strategy and life style. His goal is to get a good job in a company or organisation.

UNIT 1 TEENAGE LIFE

1 Teenage life is rich and colourful. Some teenagers prefer to do volunteer work，while others prefer extra-curricular activities. Their content is to organise debates，study ballet movements，clean up the greenhouses， and so on. But more people sign up for advanced courses suitable for their taste. Actually，I prefer literature to all these.

2 Actually，youth life is also full of opportunities and challenges. As freshmen，there are some problems that confuse us，that is， we are confused by some confusing problems. We go to college after graduating from senior high school. We must quit some bad habits and adapt to the new school life. There are more extra-curricular activities in university for us to sign up for. We have the responsibility to become useful talents for the country and should be responsible for mankind. With the advance of society， we should learn advanced scientific knowledge and speak fluent foreign languages. According to the schedule，we are going to study Chinese literature this term. I’ve written to an editor for help. He recommends that we should choose a good research topic and a paper title. Obviously，he will provide us with a good solution.

3 Youth life is filled with adventure. Young people feel that there is a generation gap between themselves and adults. They are attracted to new things，and addicted to the Internet. Their behaviours are quite different from those of adults. They focus on the modern lifestyle. Experts recommend that young people not only take risks but also learn survival ways.

UNIT 2 TRAVELLING AROUND

1 Tian Hua is making arrangements for a trip abroad. She is going to visit the Old Castle in Spain. She has applied for a visa. She has also rented some outdoor clothes and packed them. She thinks it is an extremely amazing trip. She will feel amazed whenever she thinks of those amazing tourist spots. Other than the Old Castle in Spain，she will visit the Eiffel Tower in France，Disneyland in the United States，the Amazon rainforest in Brazil and Lake Titicaca in South America. But her destination is the site of the ruins of the Inca Empire in Peru. There she can feel the ancient civilisation of mankind. Tian Hua plans first to hike along the country path， and then travel by any type of transport，and at last take an international flight. She will carry her package，credit cards and a travel brochure with her.

2 Once a tourist who went on a package tour lost contact with his group，which was made up of twelve people. He followed the narrow flat path to the source of a river. He admired the beautiful view so much that he could not take control of himself. He saw some soldiers over there unearthing a tomb. Buried in it was an ancient emperor，who once ruled a powerful empire. The traveller was amazed at the unique architecture designed by ancient architects. Not recognising his way back，he requested a local official to help find accommodation.

3 Once I went on a package tour. The guide explained to us the details of the tour. At his request，we checked in at a hotel and checked out a week later. I paid by credit card. We were attracted to the amazing view in the mountains. There we saw some soldiers unearthing a tomb next to a statue. We were all amazed at the sight. The tour guide introduced to us the local economic development，and at last he commented that tourism had brought great benefits to the economy.

UNIT 3　SPORTS AND FITNESS

1 As an athlete，Richard prefers all kinds of sports，such as soccer， boxing，badminton，skiing，and track and field sports like marathon and jogging. However，he is particularly good at gymnastics. He has won championships in sports events hosted by many countries and cities. He usually comes along with his coach and works out for his fitness in the gym or stadium，sweating a lot. He has made it.

2 The athlete is a legend in the sports world. He has won not only medals for himself，but also honour and glory for his country. He never gives up training even if he is injured. Meeting with failure， he will face it bravely rather than lose heart. Now and then，he feels as if he is about to fall apart，but he holds on to the end. Once， he took part in the gymnastics championship to compete with the world’s gymnastics masters. In spite of his leg injuries，he had the determination to become the champion. Encouraged by his captain， he gathered all his strength and finally made it. No sweet without sweat. He sets a positive example for all the athletes.

3 As an athlete，I’ve faced an audience of millions over the years. When competing with other players，even if I fail，I have a positive attitude to face it rather than lose heart. I have recently gained some weight and I feel under stress. So I go on a diet with determination and try to keep slim and graceful. I know that doing exercise and dieting will make a difference to one’s fitness. I do push-ups every day，and never cut it out. Now and then I go jogging. I think it makes sense to do so. My health has improved a lot compared with the past. In addition，I have always been against cheating in sports，against pretending to fall，and I have tried to avoid errors in matches.

UNIT 4　 NATURAL DISASTERS

1 Today，natural disasters，such as floods，droughts，landslides， typhoons，hurricanes，tornados and tsunamis，often strike towns and villages，causing human injuries and deaths or great damage to people’s property. The relatively more dangerous of them is the volcanic eruption. Its great power can damage farms，destroy houses，affecting people’s life greatly. Once，an earthquake of great magnitude occurred. The government immediately organised rescue teams to evacuate people，taking them to shelters. The helicopters delivered all kinds of supplies to them.

2 A big earthquake struck the city and everyone was shocked. Ninety percent of the buildings lay in ruins，metal pipes and water taps cracked，and bricks covered the ground. Many people were trapped or buried in ruins and suffered a great deal. They were in shock. There was neither electricity nor water. It seemed as if the world were at an end. The government immediately organised rescue teams to help the trapped and bury the dead. The PLA also came to their rescue. Thanks to their unified efforts and wisdom， the city began to breathe and revive.

3 Active volcanoes can erupt at any time. Typhoons and hurricanes strike coastal areas now and then，destroying farmlands and cutting off power supplies. The great waves of a tsunami crash against the beach and sweep away crops. Metal pipes and water taps are cracked. At this time，people should not stay in the open air. It is better to have a first aid kit on hand. Relief supplies will be delivered to those who survive. In summary，people should remain calm in an emergency. Experts say the damage effect of a disaster depends on its length.

UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD

1 How many billion people speak the UN’s official languages as their native or second language? What’s your attitude towards this? What I refer to is that you should provide more information for reference.

2 This semester，my major course is to study the development of language and the change of its vocabulary. As we know， language is a means of communication and plays an important role in global affairs. No matter what their social system is，language is regarded as a symbol of the ups and downs of a nation. Some languages like Chinese date back to the earliest dynasties，with symbols and characters carved on bones and shells. The change of language is based on a variety of factors. Despite all this，the social system and civilisation are the major factors. In addition，I appreciate Chinese calligraphy and Chinese classics very much， which are also my specific research programs.

3 Tom is a native of England and English is his native language. But he often speaks the local dialect. He knows there are some differences in vocabulary between BrE and AmE. For example，the American English words “subway” “gas” “pants” and “apartment” are “ underground” “petrol” “trousers” and “flat” in British English. Each nation has its own tongue. But in my point of view，the change of language relates to the different social systems. Nowadays，people demand peace，struggle for equal rights and try to bridge the gap between languages. I have a lot more to say about language，but some affairs are beyond description.

必修第一册语境记单词中文版

WELCOME UNIT

1 为了交流思想，我们学校组织了一次讲座，将在校园里举行。如果你想参加讲座，你需要填写我们设计师专门设计的正式登记表，以注册你的个人信息。你需要填写你的姓名、性别（男性或女性）、年龄和国籍。也欢迎交换生参加（本次讲座），但他们必须说明他们来自哪个国家。

2 鲍勃初中毕业了，现在是一名高中生。这个小伙子成了我最好的搭档。他总是急于探索新事物。他性格开朗，渴望给大家留下好印象。他是一个非常自信的学生，决不会被困难吓倒。他的自信给我留下了深刻的印象。在课堂上，他全神贯注地听老师讲课。有时候，他会让你觉得尴尬，甚至让你很恼火。如果他让你生气了该怎么办最后我只好不理睬他。

3 我的搭档卡尔喜欢在教学卡片上做笔记，渴望提高自己的英语口语。他性格外向，期待着组织一次英语口语比赛。不过，他认为他应该改变自己的学习策略和生活方式。他的目标是在公司或机构里找到一份好工作。

UNIT 1 TEENAGE LIFE

1 青少年的生活丰富多彩。一些青少年喜欢做志愿者工作，而另一些喜欢课外活动。它们的内容是组织辩论，学习芭蕾舞动作，清扫温室，等等。但河流的源头。他如此欣赏这里美丽的景色，以至于无法控制自己。他看见一些士兵在那边挖掘一座坟墓，里面埋葬着的是一位古代皇帝，他曾经统治过一个强大的帝国。这位游客对古代建筑师设计的独特建筑感到惊奇。由于认不出自己回去的路，他请求当地一位官员帮忙找住处。

3 有一次我跟团旅游。导游给我们讲解了旅游的详情。在他的要求下，我们在一家旅馆登记入住，一周后结账离开。我使用信用卡付账。我们喜爱山上那令人惊叹的景色。在那里，我们看到一些士兵在一尊雕像旁边挖掘一座坟墓。我们都对这一景象感到惊奇。导游向我们介绍了当地的经济发展情况，他最后评论说，旅游业给当地经济带来了巨大的效益。

UNIT 3　SPORTS AND FITNESS

1作为一名运动员，理查德更喜欢各种体育运动，如足球、拳击、羽毛球、滑雪和田径运动，如马拉松和慢跑。然而，他尤其擅长体操。他在许多国家和城市举办的体育赛事中获得了冠军。他通常跟随他的教练去健身房或体育场锻炼身体，出大量的汗。他已经获得成功了。

这位运动员是体育界的传奇人物。他不仅为自己赢得了奖章，也为祖国赢得了荣誉和赞美。即使受伤，他也从不放弃训练。遇到失败时，他会勇敢地面对而不是丧失信心。有时，他觉得自己似乎要崩溃了，但他还是坚持到底。有一次，他参加了体操锦标赛，与世界体操高手竞争。尽管他的腿受了损伤，他还是有决心成为冠军。在队长的鼓励下，他竭尽全部力量，最终获得成功。汗水换来了甜蜜。他为所有运动员树立了一个积极的榜样。

作为一名运动员，多年来我面对的观众数以百万计。在与其他选手竞争时，即使失败，我也以积极的态度去面对，而不是丧失信心。最近，我的体重有所增加，我感到有压力。所以我决心节食，尽量保持苗条和优美。我知道运动和节食对一个人的健康有影响。我每天都做俯卧撑，从不间断。我有时去慢跑。我认为这样做是有意义的。与过去比较，我的健康状况有了很大的改善。此外，我一直反对在体育运动中作弊，反对假摔，并且我尽量避免在比赛中出现失误。

UNIT 4　 NATURAL DISASTERS

如今，洪水、旱灾、滑坡、台风、飓风、龙卷风和海啸等自然灾害经常袭击城镇和村庄，造成人员伤亡或给人民财产造成重大损害。其中相对更危险的是火山爆发。它的巨大威力可以破坏农场，毁坏房屋，极大地影响人们的生活。有一次，发生了一次震级很大的地震。政府立即组织救援队疏散民众，将他们送往避难所。直升机给他们运送各种物资。

一场大地震袭击了这座城市，人人都感到震惊。百分之九十的建筑物被夷为平地，金属管道和水龙头破裂，砖块覆盖着地面。许多人被困或被埋在废墟中，遭受了巨大的痛苦，他们处于极度震惊状态。既没有电，也没有水，世界似乎已经到了尽头。政府立即组织救援队帮助被困人员，掩埋死者。人民解放军也前来救援。多亏了他们的共同努力和智慧，这个城市开始呼吸和复苏了。

活火山随时可能喷发。台风和飓风不时袭击沿海地区，毁坏农田，切断电力供应。海啸的巨浪冲击着海滩，席卷庄稼。金属管道和水龙头破裂。此时，人们不应该待在户外。最好手边有一个急救箱。救援物资将被送到幸存者手中。总之，在紧急情况下人们应该保持冷静。专家说，灾难的破坏效果取决于它持续的长度。

UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD

有几十亿人把联合国的官方语言作为他们的母语或第二语言你对此持什么看法我指的是你应该提供、奶酪和毒蘑菇。这些蘑菇含有致命的毒素。一些居民包裹好整洁的衣服和其他日用品, 把它们和建筑材料及配件一起装上卡车。他们肯定要去一个新的地方定居下来。孩子们不忘带上他们的日记、图表、爵士音乐盒、漫画和涂鸦。除此之外, 他们还挑选了一些适合自己品位的超级收藏品。

要成为一名宇航员, 你必须经过严格的选拔程序。你需要大量的心理、智力和体能训练。此外, 你不仅应该了解宇宙、太阳系和我们的地球, 还应该懂得火箭、卫星、航天器、重力等知识。最后, 宇航员必须有坚定的意志和取得成功的强烈愿望。宇宙飞船发射后, 确保它在正确的轨道上运行。飞船上的宇航员有很多任务要完成。他必须能够独立地完成太空行走, 以便将数据传送到地球上的相关机构。

汤姆牢记那句名言“对一个人来说那是一小步, 对人类来说却是一大步”。于是他热衷于探索宇宙的奥秘。曾经有一次在太空进行虚拟训练, 汤姆登上了一辆名叫玉兔的月球车, 希望能探索最后的边界。航天器上有一台微波炉、一部智能手机、一个枕头、一只氧气瓶、一些肥皂、毛巾、纸巾和其他为他提供的设施。宇宙飞船进入轨道后, 监视器定期发出信号。当他就要完成正在进行的任务时, 由于缺乏足够的训练, 他开始在太空舱里漂浮, 他的肌肉也开始疼痛。幸运的是, 他被紧紧地绑在飞船上, 否则, 他将漂浮在飞船之外。但当他发现自己有限的资源即将耗尽时, 他感到很失望。他想弄清楚这些资源是否可以循环利用。通过分析, 汤姆认为目前致命的错误是缺乏高端设施, 这导致太空训练失败。结果, 他不得不发信号求救。

金钱是幸福生活的基础吗我们应该根据人们有多少钱来评价他们吗这是戏剧《百万英镑》中的一场。我喜欢各种各样的戏剧, 包括歌剧和音乐剧。我曾经在一出戏里扮演恐龙的角色, 得到了许多观众的拥抱。这次我想当一名叙述者, 用叙述的方式讲述这个故事。故事情节或要点若有遗漏, 我乐意道歉。罗德里克和奥利弗两兄弟打赌, 如果一个身无分文的人得到一张100万英镑的钞票, 会发生什么事。他们偶然看到一个衣衫褴褛的年轻人在他们家附近徘徊, 于是让仆人把他叫了进来。他们认为他就是他们想要的那种人选。那个年轻人在海上遇到了风暴, 被一艘驶往英国的轮船发现了。事实上, 他是为美国矿业公司工作的一位商人。在伦敦, 他无处可去, 只能到领事馆向大使求助, 但失败了, 不敢再试。兄弟俩问了他许多奇怪的问题, 他似乎失去了耐心。老实说, 他确实太饿了, 应该上路了。就在他正要离开时, 兄弟俩拦住他, 给了他一个大信封, 以防他将来之需。他们要求他许诺推迟到两点才把信封打开。

俗话说, 金钱是善仆, 也是恶主。追求金钱不会带来幸福。一系列的事件在很大程度上将表明金钱买不到幸福。最终, 任何奇怪的意图都不会实现, 不会有任何回报。一天, 亨利看到一个裁缝店的招牌。他停了下来, 犹豫着是否要进来。值班店员有义务立刻迎接他, 但他却皱起眉头, 粗鲁地说了些什么, 然后让亨利到楼下去, 地板下面有一间成衣房。几乎所有的店员都不理睬他。后来, 听说亨利有一张百万英镑的钞票, 店主把店员推到旁边, 满面笑容地走了过来。他以为亨利属于上流社会, 所以想和他保持良好的关系。既然那样, 他为亨利提供了多种选择。在他的允许下亨利没有付款就选购了一件。店主认为这很正常。

选择性必修第一册·人教版·语境记单词

UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT

1 Tu Youyou is awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine because she has discovered artemisinin，a crucial drug for malaria.In fact，artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria. After graduating from university，Tu Youyou worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She committed herself to the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria. She and her scientific research team tried to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease. They evaluated 280，000 plants and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments. Tu’s team tried boiling fresh wormwood，and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria，but this did not work.Tu Youyou wouldn’t acknowledge defeat. She insisted on analysing the medical texts again and drew a conclusion that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. By using a lower temperature to draw out the extract，she discovered the effective substance. Artemisinin，like penicillin，has stood up to clinical tests，just as other products or devices can stand wear and tear.

2 The difference between a novelist and a professor is that the former mostly uses his extraordinary creative genius to inspire people’s passion by writing novels，while the latter pays more attention to academic research. A politician wants to found his own theories and tries to come to power. A scientist hopes to make remarkable achievements and have more inventions and patents. Take Albert Einstein for example. He made numerous contributions to the world，the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc 2. He earned a doctorate in physics in 1905 and gradually became famous as the new Isaac Newton. Circumstances changed in 1933，when Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein，who was Jewish，found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. As a consequence，he had to flee Germany. He finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton，USA. Einstein was not only a genius，but also a very gentle man. He had a thick moustache and long white hair. Despite his peculiarities，he was loved by his friends and neighbours whom he encountered. Now let’s complete this flow chart to infer his further achievements. You can also write a draft to sum up Einstein’s life.

UNIT 2 LOOKING INTO THE FUTURE

1 I have to persuade myself to use these words and phrases to describe my daily routine in the future.If I forget to switch off my electrical appliances like my air conditioners and I’m in a distant place，my integrated sensors in my smart home system will do it for me instead of remote controls and automatic knobs. These sensors are very

efficient and give instant commands. The home system will obey and give constant warnings until the appliances enter the safety mode. This will keep my home secure. In addition，my smart home can warn me early on if there is something abnormal or if I have a critical illness，such as cancer，and potentially save my life. If the electrical wire starts leaking electricity，my smart home will detect it and provide me with the relevant information. In this sense，I will fix the problem before my home catches fire. Nevertheless，this smart technology

is not a fantasy. Many of these innovations are already available and being used in some homes.

2 Artificial intelligence can be used to guard against potential crimes and gain a sense of security.For example，the librarian advocates combining monitors into the structure of the library building.Hence，no one is opposed to this suggestion. They are a necessity，but not a luxury. Now let’s change the subject，and talk about our future occupations and careers. We should learn to predict or make a prediction about the future，because we can’t resist the development of society. So we must keep in touch with the latest technology，and place emphasis on these new technologies，such as cloning，nanobots and satellite weather forecast. Each of us is required to write an essay with several paragraphs to give an accurate description of our future careers. I think the prospect of rural

development is very attractive. There can’t be an absence of rural talents. My preference is farming. Even if I encounter resistance，I will never cease to go and work there.

UNIT 3　FASCINATING PARKS

1 A group of journalists set out for the polar area. They came to a fascinating valley near the boundary，where they would camp. The north wind was buffeting the cloth of their tent. At the edge of the valley，they found a small cottage. A visible glacier from the top of the mountain flowed through the valley. The vast territory stretched as far as the eye could see. A lot of reindeer were on the move，accompanied by some local people to prevent leopards from hurting them. Hunting was banned here. All the journalists felt really blessed to be in such a beautiful place. Nevertheless，there was only one unpleasant thing. A woman journalist had a cold and sneezed all the time. The cream she had put in the teapot turned sour，too. She turned the teapot upside down and poured out the sour cream.

2 I was wandering along the corridor of the amusement park. A splendid fountain ahead appealed to me. Behind it was the superb aquarium. I pedalled a bicycle along the original route to visit the aquarium. I was very much amused to see some adorable fish swimming and an enormous whale on display. There were up to 20，000 fish there. Then I visited a pirate ship，had a swing with some children and took a ride on the roller coaster. In this park，there were many entertainments that aroused my strong appetite. I could watch fashion shows，iron workshops，and a rare steam engine. That was an incredible theme park that appealed to everyone. After the

visit，my teacher asked me to describe the park with adjectives and imperative sentences，then to label these adjectives and put them in the left column.

UNIT 4　BODY LANGUAGE

1 In our interactions with other people，the way of expression needs to vary with the situation. Body language is important and reliable. By contrast，it is sometimes more appropriate than spoken language. A smile is always approved of in all cultures because it demonstrates politeness and can break down barriers. A fake smile is also necessary if you want to hide feelings like anger or anxiety，or when you feel ashamed or embarrassed. Of course，we can make inferences about the truth of the smile. Body language differs around the world. Different cultures may employ different gestures to express the identical feelings. In some cultures，people favour shaking hands，bowing from the waist when they meet. By comparison，elsewhere，people may kiss their friends on the cheek. You can also witness that some people interpret the gesture for OK as zero.

2 As an educator，I’ve learned to read my students’ body language and know what makes each student tick. In other words，I understand what my students think through their body language. As we know，people have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in. So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch，it implies he is bored. Their eyes barely move，and with their chins on their hands，they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling. That means these students are distracted from class. I can perceive and distinguish why some students put their arms across their chests. I know I need to inquire and assess what is going on. Once，I made a trial with the twin brothers about nonverbal gestures. I gave an accurate assessment of their internal thoughts by how they posed，slumped and bent over. This was also a good explanation of body language. Ultimately，I call on my students not to be bothered by the outside world and adjust their learning state. At work，if there is a conflict between behaviour and learning，I will intervene in time. This is merely one component of the solution.

UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND

1 Known as the “father of hybrid rice”，Yuan Longping has devoted his life to the Chinese farmers. Once，China had a serious shortage of food. To tackle this crisis，alleviate hunger and get rid of poverty，Yuan was convinced that farmers must boost yields in the fields they had.One characteristic of hybrids showed that they could attain a higher yield than conventional crops. Through intense effort，Yuan overcame enormous difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that enabled farmers to expand their output greatly. Today，it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains. Deep down，Yuan is still very much a farmer at heart. As a man of the soil，he cares little for celebrity or money. Despite his wealth，Yuan Longping doesn’t live a life of leisure. His assumption is that he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum，with each ear of rice as big as a broom，and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut. His latest vision for rice growing in salty land has also become a reality.

2 Farmers prefer chemical fertilizers to organic ones for an increase of output. But crops grown with chemical fertilizers lack nutrition，essential minerals and nice flavour. Today chemical pesticides have been in widespread use in farming. Pesticides can kill harmful bacteria and insects，but damage the nutritious crops. This，in turn，affects the animals and humans who digest them.Now some pesticides have been prohibited in most countries. As an alternative，some farmers have switched to organic farming，because organic vegetables and grain are welcomed in urban groceries. These farmers also change crops. For instance，they grow corn or wheat in a field one year，and then grow beans there the next. These crops have entirely different roots and use different

depths of soil.

屠呦呦获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，因为她发现了治疗疟疾的关键药物青蒿素。事实上，青蒿素已经成为疟疾治疗的重要组成部分。大学毕业后，屠呦呦在中国中医研究院工作。她致力于发现疟疾新疗法的目标。她和她的科研团队试图找到治疗这种疾病的传统植物疗法。他们评估了28 万种植物，并测试了380 种不同的古代中医疗法。屠的研究小组尝试将新鲜的青蒿煮沸，然后用从中提取的液体治疗疟疾，但没有成功。屠呦呦不承认失败。她坚持要再次分析医学文献，并得出结论，煮沸这种青蒿显然破坏了它的医学特性。她用较低的温度获取提取物，发现了这种有效的物质。青蒿素和青霉素一样，经得起临床检验，就像其他产品或设备经得起磨损一样。

小说家和教授的区别在于，前者大多是利用自己非凡的创作天赋，通过写小说来激发人们的热情，而后者则更注重学术研究。政治家想要建立自己的学说并试图掌权。科学家希望取得非凡的成就，拥有鱼。然后我参观了海盗船，和孩子们一起荡秋千，坐过山车。公园里有许多娱乐活动，引起了我的强烈欲望。我可以观看时装秀、铁器车间和一台罕见的蒸汽机。那是一个吸引每一个人的极好的主题公园。参观结束后，老师让我用形容词和祈使句来描述公园，然后给这些形容词贴上标签，把它们放在左栏里。

UNIT 4　BODY LANGUAGE

在我们与他人的交往中，表达的方式需要根据情况而变化。体态语很重要也很可靠。相比之下，它有时候比口头语言更恰当。微笑在所有文化中都是被认可的，因为它表现出礼貌，还可以打破障碍。如果你想隐藏像愤怒或焦虑等情绪，或者当你感到羞愧或尴尬时，假装的微笑也是必要的。当然，我们可以推断出微笑的真实性。世界各地的体态语言各不相同。不同的文化可能使用不同的姿势来表达相同的感受。在某些文化中，人们见面时喜欢握手、弯腰鞠躬。相比之下，在其他地方，人们可能会亲吻朋友的脸颊。你还可以看到有些人把“OK”的手势理解为零。

作为一名教育工作者，我学会了解读学生的肢体语言，了解每个学生的一举一动的原因。换句话说，我通过学生的肢体语言来了解他们的想法。众所周知，人们总是倾向于他们感兴趣的东西。所以，如果一个学生低头看表，这意味着他很无聊。如果他们的眼睛几乎不动，双手托着下巴，忙着盯着窗外或天花板，那意味着这些学生上课分心。我能够觉察和分辨出为什么有些学生把胳膊交叉放在胸前。我知道我需要调查和判断发生了什么。有一次，我对双胞胎兄弟做了一个关于非语言手势的试验。我通过他们摆姿势、垂

头走路和俯身的方式，准确地评估了他们的内心想法。这也是对肢体语言一个很好的解释。最后，我呼吁学生不要被外界干扰，调整好自己的学习状态。在课堂学习中，如果行为和学习之间有冲突，我会及时介入。这仅仅是解决方案的一个组成部分。

UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND

被誉为“杂交水稻之父”的袁隆平把一生奉献给了中国农民。中国的粮食曾经严重短缺。为了应对这个危机，缓解饥饿和摆脱贫困，袁隆平确信农民必须在已有土地上提高产量。杂交作物的一个特点表明，它们可以获得比传统作物更高的产量。通过极大的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的困难，培育出了第一代杂交水稻，使

农民能够大幅度提高（水稻的）产量。据估算，现在中国国内大约60% 的大米消费是由袁隆平的杂交品种形成的作物组成的。在内心深处袁隆平仍然还是一个纯粹的农民。作为一个土地之子，他不在乎名誉和金钱。袁隆平虽然很富有，却没有过悠闲的生活。他的设想是，他想象水稻植株像高粱一样高，每支稻穗像扫帚一样大，每粒稻米像花生一样大。他最近提出的在盐碱地种植水稻的愿景也已成为现实。

为了提高产量，农民更喜欢化肥而不是有机肥。但是用化肥种植的作物缺乏营养、必需的矿物质和美味。今天，化学农药已在农业中得到了广泛的应用。农药可以杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，但也会损害有营养的作物。这反过来又影响到消化它们的动物和人类。现在大多数国家都已禁止使用某些杀虫剂。作为替代，一些农民已经转向有机农业，因为有机蔬菜和粮食在城市的杂货店里很受欢迎。这些农民还更换作物。例如，他们一年在一块地里种玉米或小麦，下一年在那里种豆类。这些作物的根完全不同，使用的土壤深度也不同。

教材全解·高中英语选择性必修第二册·人教版·语境记单词

UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS

1 Cholera is an infectious disease caused by germs. People who are infected with this disease will suffer from severe diarrhoea，dehydration and even death. As a young doctor，John Snow felt a little frustrated at first，but he was determined to defeat “ King Cholera” once and for all. There were then two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. Snow subscribed to the correct theory that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. But Snow needed proof and findings. It happened that cholera broke out in London in 1854，and Snow began to investigate. He discovered that there were multiple deaths in some households near the water pump in Broad Street. This showed there was a link between the cases of cholera and the water. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame，so he had the handle of the water pump removed. Thanks to Snow’s intervention，people began to drink pure water instead of raw water. Thus，there was a substantial decrease in the threat of cholera. Furthermore，in his use of maps and statistics，Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. His thinking and concept on disease were quite novel at that time. Therefore，Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.

2 Doctors use microscopes to observe cells，germs， viruses or proteins in cells，while astronomers look at stars and study astronomy through telescopes. A theory may be abstract，but research work needs to have a solid，concrete or vivid theoretical framework. Besides John Snow，it is worth mentioning Qian Xuesen，the father of China’s aerospace industry. He was an outstanding， gifted and patriotic scientist. At first，he studied railway mechanical engineering. In order to defend China’s airspace，he shifted his major to aviation. While studying in the United States，Qian Xuesen was a graduate assistant，studying jet and rocket technology. After returning to China，he was put in charge of developing China’s rocket science and its space and missile programme. Under Qian’s leadership，China’s aerospace industry made steady progress and achieved initial success. Now let’s change the subject. Here is a picture of a brilliant rainbow after a heavy rain. There is a man standing over there. The rainbow casts different shadows of the man. Above all，the moon is hanging in the sky，but the sun has not yet set. Can you find fault with this picture?

UNIT 2 BRIDGING CULTURES

1 My friend Xie Lei recalled her complex experience of studying abroad. Xie Lei originally studied for a business qualification at a university in China. She is an ambitious girl，and her ambition is to set up a business back in China after graduation. She chose to live with a host family for her adaptation to the new culture. It was a comfort for her to have a second family. Her college tutor was very strict and advised her to participate in class activities. For example，she should speak up in class or give presentations，not cite others’ opinions. She was engaged in British culture and involved in social activities，thus acting as a cultural messenger. She knew that much exposure to another culture could give her great insights into the world. At first，she felt culture shock from a foreign country，and had an overwhelming homesickness. But later she stepped out of her comfort zone and felt much more at home. She became more motivated. Xie Lei’s advisor talked to her about maintaining reasonable expectations when studying abroad. Her motivation to study abroad became more clear，and she even wanted to be an applicant for a job at a foreign firm. However，she was looking forward to her early departure from the UK.

2 In recent years，there has been a dramatic increase in the number of people studying abroad， but there exist some disadvantages. Tuition and living expenses are higher than at home and could end up costing an arm and a leg， far more than the household budget. Another factor is the tremendous life pressure. Some students are not mature enough to behave well in new surroundings. They can’t grasp the local customs. Some students may feel depressed. Now，China’s education is booming. More and more young students choose to study in China to make contributions to and strengthen their motherland in the future. No one can deny the fact that studying abroad has its disadvantages. But still some people are optimistic about it. As far as they are concerned，studying abroad helps to gain and improve our general competence. Cooperating with people from diverse cultural settings helps us view the world from different angles. China’s global outlook，with projects such as the Belt and Road Initiative，has helped us make connections across the world. China needs cultural envoys as well as more talented young people with a global perspective who are highly competent with languages. Both sides sound logical. Which idea would you probably side with? As far as I know，studying abroad doesn’t always bring good outcomes. In summary，I sincerely hope that parents will take this issue seriously.

UNIT 3　FOOD AND CULTURE

1 Prior to discussing food and culture，let’s talk about the cuisine and recipes. Both Western and Chinese dishes may consist of these ingredients， such as onion，garlic，cabbage，bean curd， chilli，etc. They contain a lot of vitamins and fibre. Meat includes pork，red braised pork，lamb，lamb kebabs，bacon，ham，sausage，haggis and so on， which contain large quantities of fat and calories. In addition，there are some other ingredients， such as soy sauce，vinegar，olive oil，pepper and peppercorns. Food includes dairy products， buns，desserts，dim sum and so on. Generally speaking，there are different categories of cuisines all over the world.

2 Madam Wang，a member of China Cuisine Association，works in our school canteen. She used to be a chef in a hotel cafeteria. She is elegant， modest with a stable temper. She can make exceptional desserts. She is a somewhat bold chef，making dough into various shapes，slicing it into thin slices or stuffing it into different molds. She has her own tricks of the trade，so she makes her own brand of desserts，served with pearls and figs. She is overall a vegetarian，consuming a minimum of fat each day. She always eats or drinks in moderation，but never eats junk food. She also teaches us how to eat. She says one fundamental factor of an ideal diet is to chew slowly. Consistent eating habits are better for our health. This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of our diet might be.

UNIT 4　JOURNEY ACROSS A VAST LAND

1 Two Chinese girls arrived in Vancouver by commercial airline. There they took a pleasant boat ride out into the bay and later visited an island with wonderful shops selling crafts and antiques. The next morning，the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise，passing through the massive mountains and forests. The blue water in Lake Louise literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty. Then they took a coach bound north through the Rockies to Jasper. The awesome scenery，spectacular mountain peaks and forests made them excited. One highlight of their trip was seeing many different creatures，including deer， mountain goats，and even a grizzly bear. Their first stop was Edmonton，the centre of Canada’s oil and gas drilling industry. The city is freezing cold in winter but it is home to many shopping malls. Crossing the great Canadian Prairie and a bunch of farms，they did not anticipate seeing such an open country. As the train thundered on towards the southern border，they opened the curtains and saw frost on the ground. Their trip from Vancouver to Toronto had taken a duration of four days.

2 My friend is a photographer with a French accent. He is enrolled in an English tutoring class to learn English idioms，but the result is often contrary to his wishes. One day at dusk he was staying in a hotel. He heard someone on the upper floor shout “Look out!” He put his head out of the window at once. As a result，a basin of water poured down on his head. He was astonished. Anyhow，he felt he was coherent. “English is so strange that ‘look out’ means not looking out，”he said to himself. Once he saw an advertisement that said，“Our company owes a great deal to our customers.” He thought the company was in deep debt. In fact， it’s a way for the company to express their thanks to the customers. He proceeded alongside the cobblestone shore，past a quarry，and finally arrived at the harbour. He took some pictures of a steel bridge in the mist. He came back late and had some toast for dinner.

UNIT 5 FIRST AID

1 My fellow classmate gave me a manual and a leaflet about first aid. They introduced many practical first aid techniques. The skin is the largest organ of your body. It acts as a barrier against disease，toxins，and the sun’s rays. It gives you your sense of touch. If your skin is burnt by radiation or acids，you feel much pain，especially when you receive an electric shock. Burns are no minor incidents. If the burn surface is red and swollen with blisters，you should work as a paramedic and provide urgent treatment to ease the pain. You can wrap the burnt area with a loose clean fabric. If every layer of the skin is affected or nerves underneath are damaged，the victim must be taken to the hospital immediately. Here are some other first aid cases. What if someone swallows a chemical? What if someone slips in the bathtub? What do you do if an elderly man falls on the carpet? What do you do when you get bitten by a mosquito? What if your classmate sprains his ankle and bleeds? And what do you do when you hear a drowning man screaming? You might say， “I don’t panic. I’ll give first aid，like putting in an IV needle，performing mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing and checking his vital signs. Also， I will call emergency services without delay and try to explain to the operator until the ambulance arrives.”

2 Once，I was having dinner in a restaurant. I had my dinner interrupted when I heard someone screaming from another table. A fellow diner at the restaurant was choking on some steak. He was now holding his throat with his face turning red，while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back. I went over to help the diner to his feet. Then I used the Heimlich manoeuvre. I stood behind him，made a fist with one hand，grabbed my fist with the other hand tightly，and then pushed up and into his stomach in one motion. I continued doing this until the obstruction was forced out. If he had been a small child，I would have laid him face down on my lap so that he couldn’t collapse. We have a duty to look after one another’s welfare. How could I justify standing by and doing nothing? Recently I was out of shape. I always ate more and slept in. I stayed in a hospital ward for two weeks. The doctor suggested that I should get a gym membership and work out at the gym in the suburbs.

UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS

霍乱是一种由细菌引起的传染病。感染这种疾病的人会严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。作为一名年轻的医生，约翰• 斯诺一开始感到有点沮丧，但他决心彻底击败“霍乱王”。当时有两种截然不同的理论来解释霍乱是如何传播的。斯诺赞同正确的理论，即霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。但斯诺需要证据和调查结果。1854 年伦敦恰巧暴发了霍乱，斯诺开始调查。他发现宽街水泵附近的一些住户有多人死亡，这说明霍乱病例与饮用水有关联。斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首，于是他让人把水泵的把手拆掉了。多亏了斯诺的干预，人们开始饮用纯净水而不是原水。因此，霍乱的威胁大幅降低。此外，斯诺利用地图和统计数据，改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。他对疾病的思考和观念在当时是相当新颖的。因此，斯诺被认为是现代流行病学之父。

医生用显微镜观察细胞、细菌、病毒或细胞中的蛋白质，而天文学家则用望远镜观察星体和研究天文学。理论可能是抽象的，但研究工作需要有一个坚实、具体或生动的理论框架。除了约翰• 斯诺，值得一提的是“中国航天之父”钱学森。他是一位杰出的、有天赋的、爱国的科学家。起初，他学习铁道机械工程。为了保卫中国的领空，他转到了航空专业。在美国留学期间，钱学森是一名研究生助理，研究喷气式飞机和火箭技术。回国后，他被任命负责发展中国的火箭科学及其太空和导弹项目。在钱学森的领导下，中国航天事业稳步发展，初见成效。现在咱们换个话题吧。这是一幅大雨过后的绚丽的彩虹图。有一个人站在那边。彩虹投射出这个人不同的影子。尤其是，天空中挂着月亮，但太阳还没有落山。你能找出这幅画的错误吗

UNIT 2 BRIDGING CULTURES

我的朋友谢蕾回忆起她复杂的留学经历。谢蕾最初在中国一所大学攻读商科。她是个有抱负的女孩，她的志向是毕业后回国创业。为了适应新的文化，她选择住在寄宿家庭。有了第二个家庭对她来说是一种安慰。她的大学导师非常严格，建议她参加班级活动。例如，她应该在课堂上大声发言或作报告，而不是引用别人的观点。她融入英国文化，参加社交活动，因此充当着文化使者的角色。她知道，多接触另一种文化可以让她对世界有深刻的了解。一开始，她感受到了异国的文化冲击，产生了一种强烈的乡愁。但后来她走出了自己的舒适区，感觉更自在了。她变得更有动力了。谢蕾的导师跟她谈了在留学时要保持合理的预期。她出国留学的动机变得更加明确，她甚至想申请到外企工作。然而，她期待着早日离开英国。

近年来，出国留学的人数急剧增加，但也存在一些弊端。学费和生活费都比国内要高，最终可能要花掉一大笔钱，远远超出家庭预算。另一个因素是巨大的生活压力。有些学生还不够成熟，在新的环境中表现不好。他们领会不了当地的风俗习惯。一些学生可能会感到沮丧。现在，中国的教育正在蓬勃发展。越来越多的青年学生选择在国内学习，在将来为祖国作出贡献，让国家更加富强。没有人能否认出国留学有它的弊端。但仍有一些人对此持乐观态度。在他们看来，出国留学有助于获得和提高我们的综合能力。与来自不同文化背景的人合作有助于我们从不同的角度看待世界。以“一带一路”倡议等项目为代表的中国全球观，帮助我们与世界各国建立联系。中国需要文化使者，也需要更多具有全球视野、语言能力强、有才能的年轻人。双方听起来都很合理。你可能支持哪一种观点就我所知，出国留学并不总是带来好的结果。总之，我真诚地希望家长们认真对待这个问题。

UNIT 3　FOOD AND CULTURE

在讨论饮食和文化之前，我们先来谈谈烹饪和食谱。西餐和中餐都可能含有这些配料，如洋葱、大蒜、卷心菜、豆腐、辣椒等。它们含有大量的维生素和纤维。肉类包括猪肉、红烧肉、羊肉、烤羊肉串、熏猪肉、火腿、香肠、羊杂碎肚等，都含有大量的脂肪和卡路里。此外，还有一些其他佐料，如酱油、醋、橄榄油、胡椒粉和胡椒粒。食物包括奶制品、圆面包、甜点和中式点心等。一般来说，世界各地有不同种类的菜肴。

王女士，中国烹饪协会会员，在我们学校食堂工作。她曾在一家酒店的自助餐厅当过厨师。她举止优雅、谦虚、稳重。她能做出特别的甜点。她是一个有点大胆自信的厨师，把生面团做成各种形状，切成薄片，或者塞进不同的模具里。她有自己的行业诀窍，所以她做出了自己品牌的甜点，配上珍珠和无花果。她总体上是一个素食者，每天摄入最少量的脂肪。她总是适度饮食，从不吃垃圾食品。她还教我们如何吃。她说，理想饮食的一个基本要素就是细嚼慢咽。连续的饮食习惯对我们的健康更有益处，不管我们饮食的其他方面有多健康，这都是正确的。

UNIT 4　JOURNEY ACROSS A VAST LAND

两个中国女孩乘坐商业航空公司的飞机抵达温哥华。在那里，她们乘船愉快地驶入海湾，后来参观了一个岛屿，岛上有很不错的出售工艺品和古董的商店。第二天早上，两个女孩早早起床，坐火车去路易斯湖，途经巨大的群山和森林。路易斯湖湛蓝的湖水异常美丽，令她们真正地惊叹不已。然后她们乘长途汽车向北穿过落基山脉到达贾斯珀。令人惊叹的风景，壮观的山峰和森林，让她们兴奋不已。她们此行的一大亮点是看到了许多不同的生物，包括鹿、山羊，甚至一只灰熊。她们的第一站是埃德蒙顿，加拿大石油和天然气钻探工业的中心。这个城市冬天极冷，但它是许多购物中心的所在地。她们穿越加拿大大草原和成片的农场时，没有预料到会看到这样一个开放的国家。火车轰鸣着驶向南部边境，她们拉开窗帘，看见地面上有霜。她们从温哥华到多伦多的旅行持续了四天。

我朋友是一个有法国口音的摄影师。他报名参加了一个英语辅导班，学习英语习语，但结果往往事与愿违。一天傍晚，他住在一家旅馆里。他听到楼上有人喊“小心！” 他立即把头伸出窗外。结果，一盆水倒在了他的头上，他很惊讶。不管怎样，他觉得自己是有道理的。他自言自语地说：“英语太奇怪了，‘向外看’就是不要‘向外看’。” 有一次，他看到一则广告，上面写着“我们公司非常感激我们的顾客”。他认为该公司负债累累。事实上，这是这个公司向顾客表达谢意的一种方式。他继续沿着铺有鹅卵石的海岸前行，经过一个采石场，最后来到港口。他在雾中拍了几张钢桥的照片。他回来得很晚，晚饭吃了些烤面包片。

UNIT 5 FIRST AID

我的同学给了我有关急救的一本手册和一份宣传单。它们介绍了许多实用的急救方法。皮肤是人体最大的器官。它是抵御疾病、毒素和阳光的屏障。它给你触觉。如果你的皮肤被辐射或酸物质灼伤，你会感到很痛，尤其是当你受到电击的时候。烧伤不是小事。如果烧伤表面红肿并带有水疱，你应该充当一名护理人员，提供紧急处理，以减轻疼痛。你可以用一块干净透气（宽松）的布把烧伤部位包裹起来。如果皮肤的每一层都受到了影响或下面的神经受到了损害，那么，伤者必须立即送往医院。这里还有一些其他急救案例。如果有人吞下了化学物质怎么办如果有人在浴缸里滑倒了怎么办如果一个老人摔倒在地毯上，你该怎么做当你被蚊子叮咬时，你会怎么做如果你的同学扭伤脚踝流血了该怎么办当你听到一个溺水的人尖叫时你会怎么做你可能会说，“我不惊慌。我会实施急救，比如打静脉注射针、进行口对口人工呼吸并检查生命体征。此外，我还会毫不迟疑地打电话给急救中心（应急服务机构），并尽力向接线员解释情况，直到救护车到来。”

　有一次，我在一家餐馆吃饭。当我听到另一张桌子上有人尖叫时，我的晚餐被中断了。餐馆里的一位用餐者被一些牛排噎住了。此时他扼住自己的喉咙，脸涨得通红，而他绝望的朋友们则在拍打他的后背。我走过去帮助用餐者站了起来。然后我采用海姆立克急救法。我站在他身后，一只手握拳，另一只手紧紧抓住我的拳头，然后快速地向上向内推压他的腹部。我持续这样做，直到阻塞物被排出。如果他是个小孩子，我会把他脸朝下放在我的膝盖上，这样他就不会倒下。我们有责任照顾彼此的健康。我怎么能有理由袖手旁观而什么也不做呢最近我的身体不好，我总是吃得多，起得晚。我在医院病房住了两个星期。医生建议我办个健身会员，在郊外的健身房锻炼。

教材全解·高中英语选择性必修第三册·人教版·语境记单词

UNIT 1 ART

1 I am fond of the works of primitives，and those of realists in particular. Realists express realism by drawing realistic paintings. Different from Christianity，realistic painting pays more attention to humanity and has humanistic thoughts. Nowadays，in order to show their influential ranks and reputations，some high-ranking officials and nobles like to collect famous paintings. These clients go around purchasing paintings and photography works of famous artists. There is a painting called Impression，Sunrise ，a work filled with mythology. The sun is slowly emerging on the horizon from different dimensions，showing the outer beauty of nature. The painting is set apart from others because of its precise description of nature. It conveys the artist’s subjective view of nature，and causes a subsequent influence. As the painting precisely describes nature，it is called a breakthrough in the history of painting.

2 Sculptors create sculptures to give people visual beauty. Sculpture，like painting，is also called fine art. But some sculptors don’t seem to be humble enough when their works are criticised. It means that they won’t accept criticism. You can see sculptures everywhere in this park. Over the pond in the park， there is an arched bridge with several arches in it. There are some water lilies in the pond. Brides and grooms often have pictures taken by the side of the bridge and the pond. In the center of the park stands a permanent memorial. The local government has paid a large investment in the park.

3 There is a big museum in our city. It houses a representative collection of antiques and artistic works，including ancient bronzes，ceramics， vases，ink wash paintings and Buddhist objects. It also has a collection of world-famous symphonies as well as contemporary animations. In recent years，entry to the museum has been limited， so there is a decline in the number of visitors. For the expansion of the museum’s influence，they often hold exhibitions and collect civil products to attract tourists. Two-dimensional technology is made full use of in these exhibitions to provide film frames and bring ancient things to life，so they are worthy of being visited. As a result，the reputation of the museum has been guaranteed.

UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

1 Abuse of tobacco or alcohol can cause physical harm. If you already rely on either of them，it’s hard to quit. However，you should not take a negative or pessimistic attitude towards it. You must learn to discipline yourself and dominate your daily behaviour. According to psychology，any cue can affect your decisions and actions. Therefore，you should decide on a plan to stop smoking or drinking and start straight away. In response to your plan， don’t give up smoking or drinking repeatedly， don’t take pills，but have your health examined regularly. You should also enhance physical exercise to facilitate your ability to fight disease. If you can do this，you are sure to get a good reward.

2A team which was composed of medical specialists，consultants and surgeons went to the drug addiction treatment center. They had made up their minds to help the addicts get rid of their bad habits. In the center，they found some patients were smoking cigarettes. Some patients tried to skip medical tests to avoid being disturbed. But all this was stopped. Other patients that grew beards were asked to shave them off. In addition，the surgeons performed surgery on serious patients to give them a complete liberation from pain.

3 We know that flu is caused by a virus. People with flu can feel dizzy. They feel stressed out or even feel worn out. In addition to taking medicine， sports will refresh us and make us feel dynamic. For example，skateboarding and bowling are good choices. Physical exercise can enhance our ability of disease prevention and stimulate our enthusiasm for life. In addition，it can make us absorbed in our work. Let’s change the subject. Last week，I paid a visit to the dentist and I did it monthly. He advised me not to eat too much sugary food or too many nuts.

UNIT 3　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

1 One graph shows that carbon dioxide and methane emissions are increasing year by year. As a result，they have destroyed our ecology and caused global warming. People burn fossil fuels to produce waste gases， which are then released into the atmosphere. We should fully realize that global warming is a worldwide problem. We must restrict the emission of carbon dioxide. We also call for a restriction on other waste gas emissions. There is a trend that global warming may cause ice and snow to melt，making polar bears，seals or penguins starve to death，and our planet not habitable. In order to sustain our survival as well as for the sustainable development of human society，we must fight for the protection of our living environment and ecology. We should seize every opportunity to advertise our protection policy through the media，such as TV and radio broadcasts. This is a hard and comprehensive task，and we must frequently warn people about it.

2 Our reform and opening-up policy aims not only to reform the economic system，but also to build a harmonious well-off society. In the course of implementing the reform，we have to undergo challenges，tests，pains and even chaos. The annual workshop on ecology and environment will be held soon，and I will attend the meeting on behalf of our city. Some sensitive topics may be discussed at the meeting. It involves the use of nuclear energy and how to protect the tropical jungles in the basins. At that time，representatives will submit their proposals.

3 Smog originates from the emission of waste gases. For the conservation of our environment， a nationwide campaign against smog has been launched. Dozens of enterprises in our city have set up regulations and agendas to prohibit the emission of garbage and waste gases. The enterprises concerned must carry out a thorough disposal of their waste gas emissions as well as waterways before the end of the year to restore them to their original condition. The government will never tolerate such a situation to continue. Enterprises with large volumes of emissions will be fined. If any enterprise fails to pass the inspection，it will be fined，too.

UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE

1 After retiring from the navy，the crew formed an ocean expedition. They were both qualified and enthusiastic explorers. After they were assigned the task，they went aboard the ship and began their voyage to the Atlantic Ocean. All the crew and stewards were full of vigour and were envied by everyone. A few days later when the ship was sailing，it was crushed against a reef unfortunately. Immediately the ship began to sink. At this time， some of the crew resolved to persevere with the voyage，but the captain turned them down. After sending out the emergency signal，the captain decided to abandon the ship，including all the belongings on board，such as furniture， cupboards，stoves，blankets and a decent banjo. It was time to test their endurance，resolve and perseverance in adversity. No one was ever selfish or bad-tempered. Although it was a bitter and miserable experience，they were fearless and showed a genuine friendship with each other.

2 My nephew made an application for a job in an advertising agency. Fortunately，he was hired by the company. Under the guidance of his boss， his work was to advertise corporate culture. Once he went to a private enterprise to make a thorough investigation. Unfortunately，he found that the owner of the private enterprise beat his dog in a cruel way while it was barking. Therefore，he refused to advertise for the company. My nephew likes badminton and rugby. He is often seen in the recreation center to play baseball with a bat.

3 As Confucianism says，“Keep what you say and carry out what you do.” Tom was a navigator， and he made a commitment to live or die with the ship. Here was an episode in his life. When the ship motor started，he got aboard the ship and made fire，which began to give off a light smoke. While the ship was sailing out to the sea，they met with a storm. But in the rough sea，Tom remained calm. His only motive was to navigate the ship safely. Finally，when the ship reached its destination， he gave his life to save others. I’m the suitable candidate to go sailing. I must be as loyal to my ship and the crew as Tom was.

UNIT 5 POEMS

1 I am a literary youth and an amateur in English poetry. I am fond of Shakespeare’s poems and dramas full of sorrow. Now I can recite dozens of English poems and folk songs because they are full of imagery，rhyme and rhythm. I still remember a nursery rhyme，which contains the words “mockingbird”“diamond ring”“brass”“billy goat”and “bull”. There is a list poem called “Mother”，which describes hundreds of bees in the sunny weather，hundreds of dewdrops to greet the dawn，and hundreds of delicate butterflies in the blossoms on the lawn. There is a certain format for the number of lines in different forms of poetry. Another form of poem is called the cinquain ，which is made up of five lines. It conveys a strong picture or a certain mood in a few words. Time awaits no man and stop teasing. Now let’s hold a discussion revolving around English poetry. If you already have some comprehension of English poetry， please utter what you think. I’d like to hear your respective opinions.

2 In a dominant place on the shelf，there is a book of prose and a collection of blank verse. There may be several other versions of them. The core content of these works is to describe the daily life of civilians. For example，in spring when the cherry blossoms were in full bloom，farmers began to sow the seeds of their crops，hoping for the autumn harvest. In the era of innocence，people were innocent and sympathetic. They showed sympathy and love for each other. At that time，correspondence was not so easy and convenient as it is today，but the relationship between people was close，not as distant as it is now.　

3 The deadline for the composition contest is drawing near. My paper is about racial prejudice and it needs to be polished by my teacher. To my grief，my teacher says that there are still a string of questions to be clarified in my paper. The structure of the composition is so complicated that I have to make some variations wherever necessary.

UNIT 1 ART

我喜欢文艺复兴前的艺术家的作品，尤其是现实主义画家的那些作品。现实主义画家通过画写实的绘画来表达现实主义（理念）。与基督教不同，写实绘画更注重人性，具有人文思想。如今，为了显示自己有影响力的地位和声誉，一些达官贵人喜欢收藏名画。这些客户四处购买著名艺术家的绘画和摄影作品。有幅名叫《日出·印象》的绘画，是一幅充满虚幻想法的作品。太阳从不同的维度慢慢地出现在地平线上，展现出大自然的外在美。这幅画因其对大自然的精确描绘而与众不同。它传达了艺术家对大自然的主观看法，并产生了后来的影响。因为这幅画准确地描绘了大自然，所以它被称为绘画史上的一次突破。

雕塑家通过制作雕塑，给人以视觉美。雕塑和绘画一样，也被称为美术。但有的雕塑家在作品受到批评时显得不够谦虚，意思是说，他们不愿接受批评。在这个公园里到处都可以看到雕塑。在公园的池塘上方，有一座拱形桥，桥上有几个拱。池塘里有一些睡莲。新娘和新郎经常在桥边和池塘边拍照。公园中央矗立着一座永久性纪念碑。地方政府在这个公园里投入了大量资金。

我们城市有一座大型博物馆。这里收藏了一批具有代表性的古董和艺术作品，包括古代青铜器、陶瓷作品、花瓶、水墨画和佛教物品。它还收藏了一些世界著名的交响乐曲和当代动画片。近年来，进入博物馆（参观）受到了限制，所以参观者数量有所下降。为了扩大博物馆的影响力，他们经常举办展览和收集民用产品来吸引游客。这些展览充分利用二维技术提供电影画面，使古代的事物重现生机，所以，它们是值得参观的。结果，博物馆的声誉得到了保证。

UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

无节制吸烟或饮酒会造成身体伤害。如果你已经依赖其中之一，就很难戒掉。但是，你不应该对此持有消极或悲观的态度。你必须学会自我控制，控制你的日常行为。根据心理学，任何暗示都会影响你的决定和行动。因此，你应该选定一个戒烟或戒酒的计划，然后马上开始。为了响应你的计划，不要反复戒烟或戒酒，不要吃药，但要定期检查你的身体。你还应该加强体育锻炼，以促进你的抗病能力（提升）。如果你能做到这一点，你一定会得到良好的回报。

一个由专科医生、顾问和外科医生组成的小组前往戒毒治疗中心。他们已下定决心帮助吸毒成瘾的人摆脱坏他们的坏习惯。在戒毒中心，他们发现一些患者在抽烟。一些患者为了避免受到打扰，试图逃避医疗检查。但这一切都被制止了。还有一些留着胡子的患者被要求把胡子剃掉。此外，外科医生为重病患者做了手术，让他们彻底解脱病痛。

我们知道，流感是由病毒引起的。流感患者会感到头晕目眩。他们焦虑不安，甚至疲惫不堪。除了服药，体育运动也会使我们精神焕发、充满活力。例如，滑板运动和保龄球运动都是不错的选择。体育锻炼可以增强我们预防疾病的能力，激发我们对生活的热情。此外，它还能使我们全神贯注于工作。咱们换个话题吧。上周我去看了牙医，而且我每月都去看一次。他建议我不要吃太多含糖的食物和坚果。

UNIT 3　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

一张图表显示，二氧化碳和甲烷的排放量正在逐年增加。结果，它们破坏了我们的生态，导致了全球变暖。人们燃烧化石燃料产生废气，然后它们被排放到大气中。我们应该充分认识到，全球变暖是一个世界性的问题。我们必须限制二氧化碳的排放。我们还呼吁限制其他废气的排放。有一种趋势是，全球变暖可能导致冰雪融化，使得北极熊、海豹或企鹅饿死，我们的地球无法居住。为了维持我们的生存，以及为了人类社会的可持续发展，我们必须为保护我们的生存环境和生态而奋斗。我们应该抓住一切机会，通过电视和无线电广播等媒体宣传我们的保护政策。这是一项艰巨而全面的任务，我们必须经常提醒人们注意。

我们的改革开放政策不仅要改革经济体制，而且要建设和谐的小康社会。在实施改革的过程中，我们要经受挑战、考验、阵痛，甚至混乱。一年一度的生态与环境研讨会即将召开，我将代表我市出席会议。会上可能会讨论一些敏感的话题，它涉及核能的利用以及如何保护盆地中的热带丛林等。届时，代表们将提交他们的议案。

雾霾源于废气的排放。为了保护我们的环境，一场全国性的治理雾霾的运动已经展开。我市很多企业已经制定了法规和议程，禁止垃圾和废气的排放。有关企业必须在年底前对废气排放和河道进行彻底治理，使其恢复原状。政府决不会容忍这种情况继续下去。排放量大的企业将被罚款。任何企业如果无法通过检查，也将被罚款。

UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE

从海军退役后，船员组成了一支远洋探险队。他们是既合格又热情的探险者。被分配任务后，他们就登上了船，开始了去大西洋的航行。全体船员和乘务员都精力充沛，受到了大家的羡慕。几天后，船在航行时，不幸撞到了暗礁上。船立即开始下沉。这时，有些船员决心坚持这次航行，但船长拒绝了他们。在发出紧急信号后，船长决定弃船，包括船上所有的物品，例如家具、橱柜、炉具、毛毯和一把相当不错的班卓琴。到了在逆境中考验他们耐力、决心和毅力的时候了。没有人自私或脾气不好。虽然这是一次痛苦而悲惨的经历，但他们无所畏惧，彼此表现出真诚的友谊。

我侄子申请在一家广告公司工作。幸运的是，他被公司录用了。在老板的指导下，他的工作是为公司的文化做广告。有一次他去一家私营企业做了一次彻底的调查。不幸的是，他发现私营企业老板在狗叫的时候用残忍的方式打它。因此，他拒绝为这个公司做宣传。我侄子喜欢羽毛球运动和橄榄球运动。人们经常看到他在娱乐中心拿着球拍打棒球。

正如儒家所言，“言必信，行必果。” 汤姆是一位领航员，他承诺与船只共存亡。这是他生命中的一段经历。当船上的马达启动时，他上了船，生起了火，冒出一股轻烟。当船出海时，他们遇到了风暴。但在波涛汹涌的大海中，汤姆保持镇静。他唯一的目的就是安全地为这艘船驾驶导航。最后，当船到达目的地时，他为了救别人而献出了生命。我是去航海的合适人选。我必须像汤姆一样对我的船只和船员忠诚。

UNIT 5 POEMS

我是一名文学青年，英语诗歌的业余爱好者。我喜欢莎士比亚充满悲伤的诗歌和戏剧。现在，我能背诵几十首英文诗歌和民谣，因为它们饱含形象的描述、押韵词和节奏。我还记得一首童谣，里面有“嘲鸫”“钻戒”“黄铜”“公山羊”和“公牛”等词语。有一首题为《母亲》的清单诗，它描述了千百只蜜蜂在晴朗的天气里（飞舞），千百滴露珠迎接黎明，千百只精美的蝴蝶在草坪上的花丛中（飞舞）。在不同形式的诗歌中，都有特定的行数格式。还有另一种形式的诗歌被称为五行诗，它由五行组成，用寥寥数语表达一幅强烈的画面或某种情绪。时间不等人，不说笑了。现在让我们围绕英文诗歌展开一次讨论吧。如果你已经对英文诗歌有了一定的理解，请说出你的想法。我想听听你们各自的看法。

在架子上显眼的地方，有一本散文书和一本无韵诗集。可能还有它们的其他几个版本。这些作品的核心内容是描写平民百姓的日常生活。例如，在樱花盛开的春天，农民们开始播撒庄稼的种子，期待着秋天的丰收。在纯真年代，人们天真无邪，富有同情心。他们彼此之间表示同情和爱心。那个时候，通信也不像今天这样容易和便利，但人与人之间的关系很亲密，不像现在这么疏远。

论文大赛的截止日期快要到了。我的论文是关于种族偏见的，它需要我的老师来润色。令我难过的是，老师说我的论文还有一连串的问题需要澄清。论文的结构过于复杂，我必须在必要的地方做些改动。